https://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Pailin&feedformat=atomThe Gemology Project - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T22:42:12ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.28.0https://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Induced_liquid_inclusions_in_quench-cracked_synthetic_flame_fusion_ruby.jpg&diff=7562File:Induced liquid inclusions in quench-cracked synthetic flame fusion ruby.jpg2008-02-06T22:15:39Z<p>Pailin: Induced liquid inclusions in quench-cracked synthetic flame fusion ruby. Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk</p>
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<div>Induced liquid inclusions in quench-cracked synthetic flame fusion ruby. Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Gas_bubbles_and_curved_colour_banding_in_synthetic_flame_fusion_blue_star_sapphire.jpg&diff=7561File:Gas bubbles and curved colour banding in synthetic flame fusion blue star sapphire.jpg2008-02-06T22:13:58Z<p>Pailin: Gas bubbles and curved colour banding in synthetic flame fusion blue star sapphire. Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk</p>
<hr />
<div>Gas bubbles and curved colour banding in synthetic flame fusion blue star sapphire. Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Curved_striae_and_gas_bubbles_in_synthetic_flame_fusion_ruby.jpg&diff=7560File:Curved striae and gas bubbles in synthetic flame fusion ruby.jpg2008-02-06T22:10:22Z<p>Pailin: Curved striae and gas bubbles in synthetic flame fusion ruby. Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk</p>
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<div>Curved striae and gas bubbles in synthetic flame fusion ruby. Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Curved_colour_banding_in_synthetic_flame_fusion_blue_star_sapphire.jpg&diff=7559File:Curved colour banding in synthetic flame fusion blue star sapphire.jpg2008-02-06T22:08:54Z<p>Pailin: Curved colour banding in synthetic flame fusion pale blue star sapphire. Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk</p>
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<div>Curved colour banding in synthetic flame fusion pale blue star sapphire. Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=Sapphire&diff=6222Sapphire2007-05-31T18:33:51Z<p>Pailin: /* Un-heated Sapphires */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sapphire}}<br />
[[Image:Ceylon.JPG|left|thumb|240px|Cornflower Ceylon sapphire]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
Sapphire is an aluminum oxide occurring in every color of the rainbow. When it is red, it is termed ruby. It is a stone of great hardness and durability. It can also have phenomenal characteristics like asterism (star sapphire) and color changing (like alexandrite). The color changing varieties are mesmerizing, having the ability to change color depending on whether they are viewed in daylight or incandescent light.<br />
<br />
[[image:3603_d.jpg|thumb|left|240px|2.29 ct heated Hot Pink Sapphire from Madagascar<br />Photo by Jeff Scovil<br />Courtesy of R.W. Wise Goldsmiths]]<br clear="left" /><br />
[[Image:Un-heated_pink_sapphire_from_Namya,_Burma.jpg|thumb|left|240px|1.17 ct unheated pink sapphire from Namya, Burma<br />Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
==Sapphire history==<br />
<br />
[[Image:7894a_d.jpg|left|thumb|240px|Unheated Padparadscha Sapphire, 3.96 ct <br /> Photo by Jeff Scovil<br />Courtesy of R.W. Wise Goldsmiths]]<br clear /><br />
The name is derived from the Greek word "sappheiros" meaning "blue". The history of sapphire dates back to at least the 7th century BC, when they were used by the Etruscans. The sapphires used by the Etruscans, Greeks and Romans were imported from India (what is now Sri Lanka). Sapphires were reputed to protect kings from harm and envy. In the 13th century, it was written that sapphires had the power to protect against poverty, to make a stupid man wise and an irritable man good-tempered.<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
==Diagnostics==<br />
<br />
===Spectrum===<br />
[[Image:saph_spectrum.gif|framed|right| Spectrum of blue, green and Australian yellow sapphire (high iron content).]]<br />
<br />
Natural blue, green and yellow sapphires with a high iron content may show the typical "450 complex" as seen in this image. The clear lines at 450 and 460nm (less sharp than the 450nm line) will be accomanied with a third (sometimes faint) line at 470nm. Due to partial absorption of wavelengths between these 450 and 460nm lines, this whole section may blend together with "smudges" between the lines.<br /><br />
With lesser iron content only the 450nm line may be observed in natural blue and yellow sapphire. Although this same 450nm line can also be observed in some blue flame fusion (Verneuil) synthetic sapphire, the "450 complex" has not been reported for synthetic sapphire.<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
===Phenomena===<br />
====Asterism====<br />
[[Image:12raystar1.jpg|left|framed|12 ray star sapphire <br /> Photo courtesy of <br />Wild Fish Gems]]<br clear="left" /><br />
====Color change====<br />
[[Image:CCSapp.gif|thumb|left|250px|Under daylight<br>Photo courtesy of The Gem Trader]]<br />
[[Image:CCSapp1.gif|thumb|left|250px|Under incandescent light<br>Photo courtesy of The Gem Trader]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
====Cat's eyes====<br />
<br />
====Trapiche====<br />
<br />
==Inclusion Images==<br />
====Un-heated Sapphires====<br />
<br />
[[image:Distorted_guest_crystal_in_untreated_Burmese_pink_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Distorted guest crystal (possibly calcite) in an un-treated Burmese pink sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Silk_&_guest_crystals_in_un-heated_Burmese_pink_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Silk and guest crystals in an un-treated Burmese pink sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]] <br />
[[image:Unusual_cluster_of_rutile_silk_in_un-treated_Madagascan_pink_sapphire..jpg|thumb|left|240px|Unusual cluster of rutile silk in an un-treated Madagascan pink sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]] <br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
<br />
[[image:Calcite_guest_crystal_in_un-heated_Madagascan_pink_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Calcite guest crystal in an un-treated Madagascan pink sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Guest_crystals_in_Sri_Lankan_blue_star_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Guest crystals in an un-treated Sri Lankan blue star sapphire. Fine rutile silk can be faintly seen in the background.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]] <br />
[[image:A_multitude_of_guest_crystals_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|A multitude of guest crystals in an un-treated Burmese blue star sapphire. <br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
[[image:Calcite_guest_crystals_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Calcite guest crystals in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Liquid_fingerprint_inclusion_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire_1.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Liquid fingerprint inclusion in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Liquid_fingerprint_inclusion_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire_2.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Liquid fingerprint inclusion in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
[[image:Liquid_fingerprints%2C_guest_crystals_and_two-phase_inclusions_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Liquid fingerprints, guest crystals and two phase inclusions in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Rounded_guest_crystals_%28possibly_calcite%29_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Rounded guest crystals, possibly calcite, in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Un-dissolved_rutile_silk_in_un-treated_Sri_Lankan_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Un-dissolved rutile silk in an un-treated Sri Lankan blue sapphire. Iridescent colours can be seen when this inclusion is viewed using a fibre optic light.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
====Heated Sapphires====<br />
<br />
[[image:Microscopic_particle_inclusions_with_straight_colour_banding_in_heat-treated_Thai_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Microscopic particle inclusions with straight colour banding in a heat treated Thai blue sapphire. The particles give the stone a sleepy or hazy appearance which is common to sapphires from Kanchanaburi, Thailand.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
<br />
====Beryllium-Treated Sapphires====<br />
<br />
[[image:Dendritic_inclusion_with_cotton_wool_type_inclusions_in_beryllium-treated_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Dendritic inclusion with 'cotton wool' type inclusions in beryllium-treated sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Liquid_tubular_channel_inclusions_in_breyllium-treated_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Liquid tubular channel inclusions in beryllium-treated sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]] <br />
[[image:Wheat-like_feather_inclusion_in_beryllium-treated_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Wheat-like feather inclusion in beryllium-treated sapphire. <br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
[[image:A_cross-sectioned_slice_of_beryllium-treated_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|A cross-sectioned slice through a beryllium-treated sapphire. The orange colour rim is clearly visible around the pink core.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
==Sapphire mining==<br />
Kashmir, Burma, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Australia, China, Montana USA, Thailand<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
<br />
* ''A students' guide to spectroscopy'' (2003) - Colin H. Winter</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:A_multitude_of_guest_crystals_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire.jpg&diff=5959File:A multitude of guest crystals in un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.jpg2007-04-11T20:59:18Z<p>Pailin: A multitude of guest crystals in un-treated Burmese blue sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>A multitude of guest crystals in un-treated Burmese blue sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Un-heated_pink_sapphire_from_Namya,_Burma.jpg&diff=5958File:Un-heated pink sapphire from Namya, Burma.jpg2007-04-11T20:54:54Z<p>Pailin: 1.17cts un-heated pink sapphire from Namya, Burma, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>1.17cts un-heated pink sapphire from Namya, Burma, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=Sapphire&diff=5888Sapphire2007-03-26T09:54:05Z<p>Pailin: /* Inclusion Images */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sapphire}}<br />
[[Image:Ceylon.JPG|left|thumb|200px|Cornflower Ceylon sapphire]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
Sapphire is an aluminum oxide occurring in every color of the rainbow. When it is red, it is termed ruby. It is a stone of great hardness and durability. It can also have phenomenal characteristics like asterism (star sapphire) and color changing (like alexandrite). The color changing varieties are mesmerizing, having the ability to change color depending on whether they are viewed in daylight or incandescent light.<br />
<br />
==Sapphire history==<br />
The name is derived from the Greek word "sappheiros" meaning "blue". The history of sapphire dates back to at least the 7th century BC, when they were used by the Etruscans. The sapphires used by the Etruscans, Greeks and Romans were imported from India (what is now Sri Lanka). Sapphires were reputed to protect kings from harm and envy. In the 13th century, it was written that sapphires had the power to protect against poverty, to make a stupid man wise and an irritable man good-tempered.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostics==<br />
<br />
===Spectrum===<br />
[[Image:saph_spectrum.gif|framed|right| Spectrum of blue, green and Australian yellow sapphire (high iron content).]]<br />
<br />
Natural blue, green and yellow sapphires with a high iron content may show the typical "450 complex" as seen in this image. The clear lines at 450 and 460nm (less sharp than the 450nm line) will be accomanied with a third (sometimes faint) line at 470nm. Due to partial absorption of wavelengths between these 450 and 460nm lines, this whole section may blend together with "smudges" between the lines.<br /><br />
With lesser iron content only the 450nm line may be observed in natural blue and yellow sapphire. Although this same 450nm line can also be observed in some blue flame fusion (Verneuil) synthetic sapphire, the "450 complex" will never be seen in synthetic sapphire.<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
===Phenomena===<br />
====Asterism====<br />
[[Image:12raystar1.jpg|left|framed|12 ray star sapphire <br /> Photo courtesy of <br />Wild Fish Gems]]<br clear="left" /><br />
====Color change====<br />
[[Image:CCSapp.gif|thumb|left|240px|Under daylight<br>Photo courtesy of The Gem Trader]]<br />
[[Image:CCSapp1.gif|thumb|left|240px|Under incandescent light<br>Photo courtesy of The Gem Trader]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
====Cat's eyes====<br />
<br />
====Trapiche====<br />
<br />
==Inclusion Images==<br />
====Un-heated Sapphires====<br />
<br />
[[image:Distorted_guest_crystal_in_untreated_Burmese_pink_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Distorted guest crystal (possibly calcite) in an un-treated Burmese pink sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Silk_&_guest_crystals_in_un-heated_Burmese_pink_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Silk and guest crystals in an un-treated Burmese pink sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]] <br />
[[image:Unusual_cluster_of_rutile_silk_in_un-treated_Madagascan_pink_sapphire..jpg|thumb|left|240px|Unusual cluster of rutile silk in an un-treated Madagascan pink sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]] <br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
<br />
[[image:Calcite_guest_crystal_in_un-heated_Madagascan_pink_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Calcite guest crystal in an un-treated Madagascan pink sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Guest_crystals_in_Sri_Lankan_blue_star_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Guest crystals in an un-treated Sri Lankan blue star sapphire. Fine rutile silk can be faintly seen in the background.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]] <br />
[[image:A_multitude_of_guest_crystaks_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|A multitude of guest crystals in an un-treated Burmese blue star sapphire. <br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
[[image:Calcite_guest_crystals_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Calcite guest crystals in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Liquid_fingerprint_inclusion_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire_1.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Liquid fingerprint inclusion in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Liquid_fingerprint_inclusion_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire_2.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Calcite guest crystals in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
[[image:Liquid_fingerprints%2C_guest_crystals_and_two-phase_inclusions_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Liquid fingerprints, guest crystals and two phase inclusions in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Rounded_guest_crystals_%28possibly_calcite%29_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Rounded guest crystals, possibly calcite, in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Un-dissolved_rutile_silk_in_un-treated_Sri_Lankan_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Un-dissolved rutile silk in an un-treated Sri Lankan blue sapphire. Iridescent colours can be seen when this inclusion is viewed using a fibre optic light.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
====Heated Sapphires====<br />
<br />
[[image:Microscopic_particle_inclusions_with_straight_colour_banding_in_heat-treated_Thai_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Microscopic particle inclusions with straight colour banding in a heat treated Thai blue sapphire. The particles give the stone a sleepy or hazy appearance which is common to sapphires from Kanchanaburi, Thailand.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
<br />
====Beryllium-Treated Sapphires====<br />
<br />
[[image:Dendritic_inclusion_with_cotton_wool_type_inclusions_in_beryllium-treated_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Dendritic inclusion with 'cotton wool' type inclusions in beryllium-treated sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Liquid_tubular_channel_inclusions_in_breyllium-treated_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Liquid tubular channel inclusions in beryllium-treated sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]] <br />
[[image:Wheat-like_feather_inclusion_in_beryllium-treated_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Wheat-like feather inclusion in beryllium-treated sapphire. <br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
[[image:A_cross-sectioned_slice_of_beryllium-treated_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|A cross-sectioned slice through a beryllium-treated sapphire. The orange colour rim is clearly visible around the pink core.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
==Sapphire mining==<br />
Kashmir, Burma, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Australia, China, Montana USA, Thailand<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
<br />
* ''A students' guide to spectroscopy'' (2003) - Colin H. Winter</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:A_cross-sectioned_slice_of_beryllium-treated_sapphire.jpg&diff=5887File:A cross-sectioned slice of beryllium-treated sapphire.jpg2007-03-26T09:40:48Z<p>Pailin: A cross-sectioned slice of beryllium-treated sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>A cross-sectioned slice of beryllium-treated sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Wheat-like_feather_inclusion_in_beryllium-treated_sapphire.jpg&diff=5886File:Wheat-like feather inclusion in beryllium-treated sapphire.jpg2007-03-26T09:39:28Z<p>Pailin: Wheat-like feather inclusion in beryllium-treated sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>Wheat-like feather inclusion in beryllium-treated sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Liquid_tubular_channel_inclusions_in_breyllium-treated_sapphire.jpg&diff=5885File:Liquid tubular channel inclusions in breyllium-treated sapphire.jpg2007-03-26T09:38:26Z<p>Pailin: Liquid tubular channel inclusions in beryllium-treated sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>Liquid tubular channel inclusions in beryllium-treated sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Dendritic_inclusion_with_cotton_wool_type_inclusions_in_beryllium-treated_sapphire.jpg&diff=5884File:Dendritic inclusion with cotton wool type inclusions in beryllium-treated sapphire.jpg2007-03-26T09:37:01Z<p>Pailin: Dendritic inclusion with 'cotton wool' type inclusions in beryllium-treated sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>Dendritic inclusion with 'cotton wool' type inclusions in beryllium-treated sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=Sapphire&diff=5883Sapphire2007-03-26T09:31:47Z<p>Pailin: /* Inclusion Images */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sapphire}}<br />
[[Image:Ceylon.JPG|left|thumb|200px|Cornflower Ceylon sapphire]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
Sapphire is an aluminum oxide occurring in every color of the rainbow. When it is red, it is termed ruby. It is a stone of great hardness and durability. It can also have phenomenal characteristics like asterism (star sapphire) and color changing (like alexandrite). The color changing varieties are mesmerizing, having the ability to change color depending on whether they are viewed in daylight or incandescent light.<br />
<br />
==Sapphire history==<br />
The name is derived from the Greek word "sappheiros" meaning "blue". The history of sapphire dates back to at least the 7th century BC, when they were used by the Etruscans. The sapphires used by the Etruscans, Greeks and Romans were imported from India (what is now Sri Lanka). Sapphires were reputed to protect kings from harm and envy. In the 13th century, it was written that sapphires had the power to protect against poverty, to make a stupid man wise and an irritable man good-tempered.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostics==<br />
<br />
===Spectrum===<br />
[[Image:saph_spectrum.gif|framed|right| Spectrum of blue, green and Australian yellow sapphire (high iron content).]]<br />
<br />
Natural blue, green and yellow sapphires with a high iron content may show the typical "450 complex" as seen in this image. The clear lines at 450 and 460nm (less sharp than the 450nm line) will be accomanied with a third (sometimes faint) line at 470nm. Due to partial absorption of wavelengths between these 450 and 460nm lines, this whole section may blend together with "smudges" between the lines.<br /><br />
With lesser iron content only the 450nm line may be observed in natural blue and yellow sapphire. Although this same 450nm line can also be observed in some blue flame fusion (Verneuil) synthetic sapphire, the "450 complex" will never be seen in synthetic sapphire.<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
===Phenomena===<br />
====Asterism====<br />
[[Image:12raystar1.jpg|left|framed|12 ray star sapphire <br /> Photo courtesy of <br />Wild Fish Gems]]<br clear="left" /><br />
====Color change====<br />
[[Image:CCSapp.gif|thumb|left|240px|Under daylight<br>Photo courtesy of The Gem Trader]]<br />
[[Image:CCSapp1.gif|thumb|left|240px|Under incandescent light<br>Photo courtesy of The Gem Trader]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
====Cat's eyes====<br />
<br />
====Trapiche====<br />
<br />
==Inclusion Images==<br />
====Un-heated Sapphires====<br />
<br />
[[image:Distorted_guest_crystal_in_untreated_Burmese_pink_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Distorted guest crystal (possibly calcite) in an un-treated Burmese pink sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Silk_&_guest_crystals_in_un-heated_Burmese_pink_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Silk and guest crystals in an un-treated Burmese pink sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]] <br />
[[image:Unusual_cluster_of_rutile_silk_in_un-treated_Madagascan_pink_sapphire..jpg|thumb|left|240px|Unusual cluster of rutile silk in an un-treated Madagascan pink sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]] <br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
<br />
[[image:Calcite_guest_crystal_in_un-heated_Madagascan_pink_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Calcite guest crystal in an un-treated Madagascan pink sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Guest_crystals_in_Sri_Lankan_blue_star_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Guest crystals in an un-treated Sri Lankan blue star sapphire. Fine rutile silk can be faintly seen in the background.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]] <br />
[[image:A_multitude_of_guest_crystaks_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|A multitude of guest crystals in an un-treated Burmese blue star sapphire. <br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
[[image:Calcite_guest_crystals_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Calcite guest crystals in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Liquid_fingerprint_inclusion_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire_1.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Liquid fingerprint inclusion in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Liquid_fingerprint_inclusion_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire_2.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Calcite guest crystals in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
[[image:Liquid_fingerprints%2C_guest_crystals_and_two-phase_inclusions_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Liquid fingerprints, guest crystals and two phase inclusions in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Rounded_guest_crystals_%28possibly_calcite%29_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Rounded guest crystals, possibly calcite, in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Un-dissolved_rutile_silk_in_un-treated_Sri_Lankan_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Un-dissolved rutile silk in an un-treated Sri Lankan blue sapphire. Iridescent colours can be seen when this inclusion is viewed using a fibre optic light.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
====Heated Sapphires====<br />
<br />
[[image:Microscopic_particle_inclusions_with_straight_colour_banding_in_heat-treated_Thai_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Microscopic particle inclusions with straight colour banding in a heat treated Thai blue sapphire. The particles give the stone a sleepy or hazy appearance which is common to sapphires from Kanchanaburi, Thailand.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
==Sapphire mining==<br />
Kashmir, Burma, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Australia, China, Montana USA, Thailand<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
<br />
* ''A students' guide to spectroscopy'' (2003) - Colin H. Winter</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=Sapphire&diff=5878Sapphire2007-03-25T16:49:52Z<p>Pailin: /* Sapphire mining */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sapphire}}<br />
[[Image:Ceylon.JPG|left|thumb|200px|Cornflower Ceylon sapphire]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
Sapphire is an aluminum oxide occurring in every color of the rainbow. When it is red, it is termed ruby. It is a stone of great hardness and durability. It can also have phenomenal characteristics like asterism (star sapphire) and color changing (like alexandrite). The color changing varieties are mesmerizing, having the ability to change color depending on whether they are viewed in daylight or incandescent light.<br />
<br />
==Sapphire history==<br />
The name is derived from the Greek word "sappheiros" meaning "blue". The history of sapphire dates back to at least the 7th century BC, when they were used by the Etruscans. The sapphires used by the Etruscans, Greeks and Romans were imported from India (what is now Sri Lanka). Sapphires were reputed to protect kings from harm and envy. In the 13th century, it was written that sapphires had the power to protect against poverty, to make a stupid man wise and an irritable man good-tempered.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostics==<br />
<br />
===Spectrum===<br />
[[Image:saph_spectrum.gif|framed|right| Spectrum of blue, green and Australian yellow sapphire (high iron content).]]<br />
<br />
Natural blue, green and yellow sapphires with a high iron content may show the typical "450 complex" as seen in this image. The clear lines at 450 and 460nm (less sharp than the 450nm line) will be accomanied with a third (sometimes faint) line at 470nm. Due to partial absorption of wavelengths between these 450 and 460nm lines, this whole section may blend together with "smudges" between the lines.<br /><br />
With lesser iron content only the 450nm line may be observed in natural blue and yellow sapphire. Although this same 450nm line can also be observed in some blue flame fusion (Verneuil) synthetic sapphire, the "450 complex" will never be seen in synthetic sapphire.<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
===Phenomena===<br />
====Asterism====<br />
[[Image:12raystar1.jpg|left|framed|12 ray star sapphire <br /> Photo courtesy of <br />Wild Fish Gems]]<br clear="left" /><br />
====Color change====<br />
[[Image:CCSapp.gif|thumb|left|240px|Under daylight<br>Photo courtesy of The Gem Trader]]<br />
[[Image:CCSapp1.gif|thumb|left|240px|Under incandescent light<br>Photo courtesy of The Gem Trader]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
====Cat's eyes====<br />
<br />
====Trapiche====<br />
<br />
==Inclusion Images==<br />
<br />
[[image:Distorted_guest_crystal_in_untreated_Burmese_pink_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Distorted guest crystal (possibly calcite) in an un-treated Burmese pink sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Silk_&_guest_crystals_in_un-heated_Burmese_pink_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Silk and guest crystals in an un-treated Burmese pink sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]] <br />
[[image:Unusual_cluster_of_rutile_silk_in_un-treated_Madagascan_pink_sapphire..jpg|thumb|left|240px|Unusual cluster of rutile silk in an un-treated Madagascan pink sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]] <br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
<br />
[[image:Calcite_guest_crystal_in_un-heated_Madagascan_pink_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Calcite guest crystal in an un-treated Madagascan pink sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Guest_crystals_in_Sri_Lankan_blue_star_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Guest crystals in an un-treated Sri Lankan blue star sapphire. Fine rutile silk can be faintly seen in the background.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]] <br />
[[image:A_multitude_of_guest_crystaks_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|A multitude of guest crystals in an un-treated Burmese blue star sapphire. <br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
[[image:Calcite_guest_crystals_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Calcite guest crystals in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Liquid_fingerprint_inclusion_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire_1.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Liquid fingerprint inclusion in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Liquid_fingerprint_inclusion_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire_2.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Calcite guest crystals in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
[[image:Liquid_fingerprints%2C_guest_crystals_and_two-phase_inclusions_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Liquid fingerprints, guest crystals and two phase inclusions in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Rounded_guest_crystals_%28possibly_calcite%29_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Rounded guest crystals, possibly calcite, in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Un-dissolved_rutile_silk_in_un-treated_Sri_Lankan_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Un-dissolved rutile silk in an un-treated Sri Lankan blue sapphire. Iridescent colours can be seen when this inclusion is viewed using a fibre optic light.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
[[image:Microscopic_particle_inclusions_with_straight_colour_banding_in_heat-treated_Thai_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Microscopic particle inclusions with straight colour banding in a heat treated Thai blue sapphire. The particles give the stone a sleepy or hazy appearance which is common to sapphires from Kanchanaburi, Thailand.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
==Sapphire mining==<br />
Kashmir, Burma, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Australia, China, Montana USA, Thailand<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
<br />
* ''A students' guide to spectroscopy'' (2003) - Colin H. Winter</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=Sapphire&diff=5877Sapphire2007-03-25T16:46:50Z<p>Pailin: /* Inclusion Images */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sapphire}}<br />
[[Image:Ceylon.JPG|left|thumb|200px|Cornflower Ceylon sapphire]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
Sapphire is an aluminum oxide occurring in every color of the rainbow. When it is red, it is termed ruby. It is a stone of great hardness and durability. It can also have phenomenal characteristics like asterism (star sapphire) and color changing (like alexandrite). The color changing varieties are mesmerizing, having the ability to change color depending on whether they are viewed in daylight or incandescent light.<br />
<br />
==Sapphire history==<br />
The name is derived from the Greek word "sappheiros" meaning "blue". The history of sapphire dates back to at least the 7th century BC, when they were used by the Etruscans. The sapphires used by the Etruscans, Greeks and Romans were imported from India (what is now Sri Lanka). Sapphires were reputed to protect kings from harm and envy. In the 13th century, it was written that sapphires had the power to protect against poverty, to make a stupid man wise and an irritable man good-tempered.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostics==<br />
<br />
===Spectrum===<br />
[[Image:saph_spectrum.gif|framed|right| Spectrum of blue, green and Australian yellow sapphire (high iron content).]]<br />
<br />
Natural blue, green and yellow sapphires with a high iron content may show the typical "450 complex" as seen in this image. The clear lines at 450 and 460nm (less sharp than the 450nm line) will be accomanied with a third (sometimes faint) line at 470nm. Due to partial absorption of wavelengths between these 450 and 460nm lines, this whole section may blend together with "smudges" between the lines.<br /><br />
With lesser iron content only the 450nm line may be observed in natural blue and yellow sapphire. Although this same 450nm line can also be observed in some blue flame fusion (Verneuil) synthetic sapphire, the "450 complex" will never be seen in synthetic sapphire.<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
===Phenomena===<br />
====Asterism====<br />
[[Image:12raystar1.jpg|left|framed|12 ray star sapphire <br /> Photo courtesy of <br />Wild Fish Gems]]<br clear="left" /><br />
====Color change====<br />
[[Image:CCSapp.gif|thumb|left|240px|Under daylight<br>Photo courtesy of The Gem Trader]]<br />
[[Image:CCSapp1.gif|thumb|left|240px|Under incandescent light<br>Photo courtesy of The Gem Trader]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
====Cat's eyes====<br />
<br />
====Trapiche====<br />
<br />
==Inclusion Images==<br />
<br />
[[image:Distorted_guest_crystal_in_untreated_Burmese_pink_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Distorted guest crystal (possibly calcite) in an un-treated Burmese pink sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Silk_&_guest_crystals_in_un-heated_Burmese_pink_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Silk and guest crystals in an un-treated Burmese pink sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]] <br />
[[image:Unusual_cluster_of_rutile_silk_in_un-treated_Madagascan_pink_sapphire..jpg|thumb|left|240px|Unusual cluster of rutile silk in an un-treated Madagascan pink sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]] <br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
<br />
[[image:Calcite_guest_crystal_in_un-heated_Madagascan_pink_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Calcite guest crystal in an un-treated Madagascan pink sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Guest_crystals_in_Sri_Lankan_blue_star_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Guest crystals in an un-treated Sri Lankan blue star sapphire. Fine rutile silk can be faintly seen in the background.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]] <br />
[[image:A_multitude_of_guest_crystaks_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|A multitude of guest crystals in an un-treated Burmese blue star sapphire. <br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
[[image:Calcite_guest_crystals_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Calcite guest crystals in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Liquid_fingerprint_inclusion_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire_1.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Liquid fingerprint inclusion in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Liquid_fingerprint_inclusion_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire_2.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Calcite guest crystals in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
[[image:Liquid_fingerprints%2C_guest_crystals_and_two-phase_inclusions_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Liquid fingerprints, guest crystals and two phase inclusions in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Rounded_guest_crystals_%28possibly_calcite%29_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Rounded guest crystals, possibly calcite, in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Un-dissolved_rutile_silk_in_un-treated_Sri_Lankan_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Un-dissolved rutile silk in an un-treated Sri Lankan blue sapphire. Iridescent colours can be seen when this inclusion is viewed using a fibre optic light.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
[[image:Microscopic_particle_inclusions_with_straight_colour_banding_in_heat-treated_Thai_blue_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Microscopic particle inclusions with straight colour banding in a heat treated Thai blue sapphire. The particles give the stone a sleepy or hazy appearance which is common to sapphires from Kanchanaburi, Thailand.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
==Sapphire mining==<br />
Kashmir, Burma, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Australia, China, Montana USA<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
<br />
* ''A students' guide to spectroscopy'' (2003) - Colin H. Winter</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Microscopic_particle_inclusions_with_straight_colour_banding_in_heat-treated_Thai_blue_sapphire.jpg&diff=5868File:Microscopic particle inclusions with straight colour banding in heat-treated Thai blue sapphire.jpg2007-03-24T15:30:59Z<p>Pailin: Microscopic particle inclusions with straight colour banding in Thai blue sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>Microscopic particle inclusions with straight colour banding in Thai blue sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Un-dissolved_rutile_silk_in_un-treated_Sri_Lankan_blue_sapphire.jpg&diff=5867File:Un-dissolved rutile silk in un-treated Sri Lankan blue sapphire.jpg2007-03-24T15:26:30Z<p>Pailin: Un-disolved rutile silk in un-treated Sri Lankan blue sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>Un-disolved rutile silk in un-treated Sri Lankan blue sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Rounded_guest_crystals_(possibly_calcite)_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire.jpg&diff=5866File:Rounded guest crystals (possibly calcite) in un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.jpg2007-03-24T15:24:22Z<p>Pailin: Rounded guest crystals (possibly calcite) in un-treated Burmese blue sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>Rounded guest crystals (possibly calcite) in un-treated Burmese blue sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Liquid_fingerprints,_guest_crystals_and_two-phase_inclusions_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire.jpg&diff=5865File:Liquid fingerprints, guest crystals and two-phase inclusions in un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.jpg2007-03-24T15:23:19Z<p>Pailin: Liquid fingerprints, guest crystals and two-phase inclusions in un-treated Burmese blue sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>Liquid fingerprints, guest crystals and two-phase inclusions in un-treated Burmese blue sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Liquid_fingerprint_inclusion_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire_2.jpg&diff=5864File:Liquid fingerprint inclusion in un-treated Burmese blue sapphire 2.jpg2007-03-24T15:21:17Z<p>Pailin: Liquid fingerprint inclusion in un-treated Burmese blue sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>Liquid fingerprint inclusion in un-treated Burmese blue sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Liquid_fingerprint_inclusion_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire_1.jpg&diff=5863File:Liquid fingerprint inclusion in un-treated Burmese blue sapphire 1.jpg2007-03-24T15:19:55Z<p>Pailin: Liquid fingerprint inclusion in un-treated Burmese blue sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>Liquid fingerprint inclusion in un-treated Burmese blue sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Calcite_guest_crystals_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire.jpg&diff=5862File:Calcite guest crystals in un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.jpg2007-03-24T15:18:12Z<p>Pailin: Calcite guest crystals in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>Calcite guest crystals in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:A_multitude_of_guest_crystaks_in_un-treated_Burmese_blue_sapphire.jpg&diff=5861File:A multitude of guest crystaks in un-treated Burmese blue sapphire.jpg2007-03-24T15:16:44Z<p>Pailin: A multitude of guest crystals in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>A multitude of guest crystals in an un-treated Burmese blue sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=Andradite&diff=5837Andradite2007-03-12T17:53:04Z<p>Pailin: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{andradite}}<br />
[[Image:AndraditeIridGarnet.gif|left|thumb|300px|Iridescent Andradite Garnet <br />Photo courtesty of The Gem Trader]]<br />
<br clear="all" /><br />
<br />
==Diagnostics==<br />
<br />
===Color===<br />
<br />
Green, yellow-green and black.<br />
<br />
===Inclusions===<br />
<br />
* Fine curving asbestos fibres in a radiating pattern ("horse-tail") in demantoid.<br />
<br />
===Refractometer===<br />
<br />
With an RI of about 1.89, the readings are outside the limit of the standard gemological refractometer.<br />
<br />
===Specific gravity===<br />
<br />
Sinks in all common heavy liquids.<br />
<br />
===Chelsea Color Filter===<br />
<br />
Demantoid appears reddish or pinkish.<br />
<br />
===Spectroscope===<br />
<br />
Demantoid has a specific pattern due to iron and chromium.<br />
<br />
===Dispersion===<br />
<br />
The dispersion in andradite garnets is high (0.057) and is partially masked by body color.<br />
<br />
==Varieties==<br />
<br />
===Demantoid===<br />
<br />
Demantoid is the green variety of andradite.<br />
<br />
===Melanite===<br />
<br />
Melanite is the black, opaque variety which is mostly used in mourning jewelry.<br />
<br />
===Topazolite===<br />
<br />
Topazolite is the lemon yellow variety of andradite.<br />
<br />
===Grandite===<br />
[[Image:Andratite.jpg|left|framed|Faceted Grandite <br /> Photo courtesy of <br />Wild Fish Gems]]<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
Grandite is a brownish variety of grossular-andradite and has lower values compared to the other varieties of andradite. It's name is often used to indicate the whole grossular-andradite intermediate series.<br />
Refractive index: 1.780-1.82<br />
<br />
<br />
==Inclusion images==<br />
<br />
[[image:Horsetail_inclusions_in_demantoid_garnet_-1.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Horsetail inclusions in Russian demantoid garnet.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Horsetail_inclusions_in_demantoid_garnet_-2.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Horsetail inclusions in Russian demantoid garnet.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Horsetail_inclusions_in_demantoid_garnet_-3.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Horsetail inclusions in Russian demantoid garnet.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
[[image:Horsetail_inclusions_in_demantoid_garnet_-4.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Horsetail inclusions in Russian demantoid garnet.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Horsetail_inclusions_in_demantoid_garnet_-5.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Horsetail inclusions in Russian demantoid garnet.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Horsetail_inclusions_in_demantoid_garnet_-6.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Horsetail inclusions in Russian demantoid garnet.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br clear="left" /></div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Horsetail_inclusions_in_demantoid_garnet_-6.jpg&diff=5836File:Horsetail inclusions in demantoid garnet -6.jpg2007-03-12T17:40:29Z<p>Pailin: Horsetail inclusions in Russian demantoid garnet, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>Horsetail inclusions in Russian demantoid garnet, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Horsetail_inclusions_in_demantoid_garnet_-5.jpg&diff=5835File:Horsetail inclusions in demantoid garnet -5.jpg2007-03-12T17:40:04Z<p>Pailin: Horsetail inclusions in Russian demantoid garnet, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>Horsetail inclusions in Russian demantoid garnet, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Horsetail_inclusions_in_demantoid_garnet_-4.jpg&diff=5834File:Horsetail inclusions in demantoid garnet -4.jpg2007-03-12T17:39:37Z<p>Pailin: Horsetail inclusions in Russian demantoid garnet, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>Horsetail inclusions in Russian demantoid garnet, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Horsetail_inclusions_in_demantoid_garnet_-3.jpg&diff=5833File:Horsetail inclusions in demantoid garnet -3.jpg2007-03-12T17:39:04Z<p>Pailin: Horsetail inclusions in Russian demantoid garnet, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>Horsetail inclusions in Russian demantoid garnet, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Horsetail_inclusions_in_demantoid_garnet_-2.jpg&diff=5832File:Horsetail inclusions in demantoid garnet -2.jpg2007-03-12T17:38:36Z<p>Pailin: Horsetail inclusions in Russian demantoid garnet, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>Horsetail inclusions in Russian demantoid garnet, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Horsetail_inclusions_in_demantoid_garnet_-1.jpg&diff=5831File:Horsetail inclusions in demantoid garnet -1.jpg2007-03-12T17:37:46Z<p>Pailin: Horsetail inclusions in Russian demantoid garnet, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>Horsetail inclusions in Russian demantoid garnet, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=Sapphire&diff=5810Sapphire2007-03-06T20:18:00Z<p>Pailin: /* Inclusion Images */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sapphire}}<br />
[[Image:Ceylon.JPG|left|thumb|200px|Cornflower Ceylon sapphire]]Sapphire is an aluminum oxide occurring in every color of the rainbow. When it is red, it is termed ruby. It is a stone of great hardness and durability. It can also have phenomenal characteristics like asterism (star sapphire) and color changing (like alexandrite). The color changing varieties are mesmerizing, having the ability to change color depending on whether they are viewed in daylight or incandescent light.<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
==Spectrum==<br />
[[Image:saph_spectrum.gif|framed|left| Spectrum of dark blue, green and Australian yellow sapphire.]]<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
==Sapphire history==<br />
The name is derived from the Greek word "sappheiros" meaning "blue". The history of sapphire dates back to at least the 7th century BC, when they were used by the Etruscans. The sapphires used by the Etruscans, Greeks and Romans were imported from India (what is now Sri Lanka). Sapphires were reputed to protect kings from harm and envy. In the 13th century, it was written that sapphires had the power to protect against poverty, to make a stupid man wise and an irritable man good-tempered.<br />
<br />
==Sapphire mining==<br />
Kashmir, Burma, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Australian, China<br />
<br />
==Sapphire Phenomena==<br />
Star<br />
[[Image:12raystar1.jpg|left|framed|12 ray star sapphire <br /> Photo courtesy of <br />Wild Fish Gems]]<br clear="left" /><br />
Color change<br />
[[Image:CCSapp.gif|thumb|left|240px|Under daylight<br>Photo courtesy of The Gem Trader]]<br />
[[Image:CCSapp1.gif|thumb|left|240px|Under incandescent light<br>Photo courtesy of The Gem Trader]]<br />
<br clear="left" /><br />
Cat's eye. <br />
<br />
Trapiche<br />
<br />
==Inclusion Images==<br />
<br />
[[image:Distorted_guest_crystal_in_untreated_Burmese_pink_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Distorted guest crystal (possibly calcite) in an un-treated Burmese pink sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Silk_&_guest_crystals_in_un-heated_Burmese_pink_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Silk and guest crystals in an un-treated Burmese pink sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]] <br />
[[image:Unusual_cluster_of_rutile_silk_in_un-treated_Madagascan_pink_sapphire..jpg|thumb|left|240px|Unusual cluster of rutile silk in an un-treated Madagascan pink sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]] <br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
<br />
[[image:Calcite_guest_crystal_in_un-heated_Madagascan_pink_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Calcite guest crystal in an un-treated Madagascan pink sapphire.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]]<br />
[[image:Guest_crystals_in_Sri_Lankan_blue_star_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Guest crystals in an un-treated Sri Lankan blue star sapphire. Fine rutile silk can be faintly seen in the background.<br>Photo courtesy of Apsara.co.uk]] <br />
<br clear="left" /></div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Guest_crystals_in_Sri_Lankan_blue_star_sapphire.jpg&diff=5809File:Guest crystals in Sri Lankan blue star sapphire.jpg2007-03-06T20:11:29Z<p>Pailin: Guest crystals in Sri Lankan blue star sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>Guest crystals in Sri Lankan blue star sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=Sapphire&diff=5803Sapphire2007-03-06T14:10:07Z<p>Pailin: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{sapphire}}<br />
[[Image:Ceylon.JPG|left|thumb|200px|Cornflower Ceylon sapphire]]Sapphire is an aluminum oxide occurring in every color of the rainbow. When it is red, it is termed ruby. It is a stone of great hardness and durability. It can also have phenomenal characteristics like asterism (star sapphire) and color changing (like alexandrite). The color changing varieties are mesmerizing, having the ability to change color depending on whether they are viewed in daylight or incandescent light.<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
==Spectrum==<br />
[[Image:saph_spectrum.gif|framed|left| Spectrum of dark blue, green and Australian yellow sapphire.]]<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
==Sapphire history==<br />
The name is derived from the Greek word "sappheiros" meaning "blue". The history of sapphire dates back to at least the 7th century BC, when they were used by the Etruscans. The sapphires used by the Etruscans, Greeks and Romans were imported from India (what is now Sri Lanka). Sapphires were reputed to protect kings from harm and envy. In the 13th century, it was written that sapphires had the power to protect against poverty, to make a stupid man wise and an irritable man good-tempered.<br />
<br />
==Sapphire mining==<br />
Kashmir, Burma, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Australian, China<br />
<br />
==Sapphire Phenomena==<br />
Star<br />
[[Image:12raystar1.jpg|left|framed|12 ray star sapphire <br /> Photo courtesy of <br />Wild Fish Gems]]<br clear="left" /><br />
Color change<br />
{| align="left"<br />
|-<br />
| align="center"| Color change effect in Sapphire<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:CCSapp.gif|Under Daylight <br />
Image:CCSapp1.gif|Under Incandescent light<br />
</gallery><br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | Photos courtesy of The Gem Trader<br />
|}<br clear="left" /><br />
Cat's eye. <br />
<br />
Trapiche<br />
<br />
==Inclusion Images==<br />
<br />
[[image:Distorted_guest_crystal_in_untreated_Burmese_pink_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Distorted guest crystal (possibly calcite) in un-treated Burmese pink sapphire.]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Silk_&_guest_crystals_in_un-heated_Burmese_pink_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Silk and guest crystals in un-treated Burmese pink sapphire.]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Unusual_cluster_of_rutile_silk_in_un-treated_Madagascan_pink_sapphire..jpg|thumb|left|250px|Unusual cluster of rutile silk in un-treated Madagascan pink sapphire.]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Calcite_guest_crystal_in_un-heated_Madagascan_pink_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Calcite guest crystal in un-treated Madagascan pink sapphire.]] <br clear="left" /></div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Unusual_cluster_of_rutile_silk_in_un-treated_Madagascan_pink_sapphire..jpg&diff=5802File:Unusual cluster of rutile silk in un-treated Madagascan pink sapphire..jpg2007-03-06T14:02:12Z<p>Pailin: </p>
<hr />
<div>Unusual cluster of rutile silk in un-treated Madagascan pink sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=Sapphire&diff=5801Sapphire2007-03-06T14:00:55Z<p>Pailin: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{sapphire}}<br />
[[Image:Ceylon.JPG|left|thumb|200px|Cornflower Ceylon sapphire]]Sapphire is an aluminum oxide occurring in every color of the rainbow. When it is red, it is termed ruby. It is a stone of great hardness and durability. It can also have phenomenal characteristics like asterism (star sapphire) and color changing (like alexandrite). The color changing varieties are mesmerizing, having the ability to change color depending on whether they are viewed in daylight or incandescent light.<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
==Spectrum==<br />
[[Image:saph_spectrum.gif|framed|left| Spectrum of dark blue, green and Australian yellow sapphire.]]<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
==Sapphire history==<br />
The name is derived from the Greek word "sappheiros" meaning "blue". The history of sapphire dates back to at least the 7th century BC, when they were used by the Etruscans. The sapphires used by the Etruscans, Greeks and Romans were imported from India (what is now Sri Lanka). Sapphires were reputed to protect kings from harm and envy. In the 13th century, it was written that sapphires had the power to protect against poverty, to make a stupid man wise and an irritable man good-tempered.<br />
<br />
==Sapphire mining==<br />
Kashmir, Burma, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Australian, China<br />
<br />
==Sapphire Phenomena==<br />
Star<br />
[[Image:12raystar1.jpg|left|framed|12 ray star sapphire <br /> Photo courtesy of <br />Wild Fish Gems]]<br clear="left" /><br />
Color change<br />
{| align="left"<br />
|-<br />
| align="center"| Color change effect in Sapphire<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:CCSapp.gif|Under Daylight <br />
Image:CCSapp1.gif|Under Incandescent light<br />
</gallery><br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | Photos courtesy of The Gem Trader<br />
|}<br clear="left" /><br />
Cat's eye. <br />
<br />
Trapiche<br />
<br />
==Inclusion Images==<br />
<br />
[[image:Distorted_guest_crystal_in_untreated_Burmese_pink_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Distorted guest crystal (possibly calcite) in un-treated Burmese pink sapphire.]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Silk_&_guest_crystals_in_un-heated_Burmese_pink_sapphire.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Silk and guest crystals in un-treated Burmese pink sapphire.]] <br clear="left" /></div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Calcite_guest_crystal_in_un-heated_Madagascan_pink_sapphire.jpg&diff=5798File:Calcite guest crystal in un-heated Madagascan pink sapphire.jpg2007-03-06T13:43:08Z<p>Pailin: Calcite guest crystal in un-treated Madagascan pink sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>Calcite guest crystal in un-treated Madagascan pink sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Unusual_cluster_of_rutile_silk_in_un-treated_Madagascan_pink_sapphire..jpg&diff=5797File:Unusual cluster of rutile silk in un-treated Madagascan pink sapphire..jpg2007-03-06T13:41:28Z<p>Pailin: Unusuak cluster of rutile silk in un-treated Madagascan pink sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>Unusuak cluster of rutile silk in un-treated Madagascan pink sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Silk_%26_guest_crystals_in_un-heated_Burmese_pink_sapphire.jpg&diff=5796File:Silk & guest crystals in un-heated Burmese pink sapphire.jpg2007-03-06T13:40:02Z<p>Pailin: Silk and guest crystals in un-treated Burmese pink sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>Silk and guest crystals in un-treated Burmese pink sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Distorted_guest_crystal_in_untreated_Burmese_pink_sapphire.jpg&diff=5795File:Distorted guest crystal in untreated Burmese pink sapphire.jpg2007-03-06T13:37:55Z<p>Pailin: Distorted guest crystal (possibly calcite) in un-treated Burmese pink sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>Distorted guest crystal (possibly calcite) in un-treated Burmese pink sapphire, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=Ruby&diff=5775Ruby2007-02-25T22:05:43Z<p>Pailin: /* Inclusion images */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Ruby}}<br />
[[Image:ruby.jpg|left|framed|Untreated 2.7 carat Ruby courtesy of Wild Fish Gems]]<br />
Ruby is the red variety of the mineral corundum. When corundum occurs in any other color it is referred to as a sapphire. Rubies are mined primarily in Burma, Madagascar, India and Eastern Africa. More important than the gem's locality of origin is the actual color and clarity of the stone. Rubies that are the most valuable will be a dead red in color, without any modifying tones of violet, orange or brown and are transparent in clarity. A fine ruby still commands the highest price of any stone in the world!<br />
<br />
The brilliant red color of the ruby has supported many tales. One is that rubies store vast quantities of heat and when placed in water, they will cause the water to boil. Obviously this is an exaggeration, but I know some that swear if you hold a ruby in your left hand, you'll feel bursts of heat. I'm a bit skeptical, so please let me know if you experience this phenomenon. Ruby, none the less, is a powerful stone and has long been considered a magnet for prosperity, attracting abundance both materially and spiritually. <br clear="left" /><br /><br />
<br />
==Spectrum==<br />
[[Image:ruby.gif|framed|left| Spectrum of ruby: both natural and synthetic.]]<br clear="left" /><br />
==Ruby history==<br />
The word ruby is derived from the Latin "rubeus", meaning "red".<br /><br />
<br />
==Ruby mining==<br />
The most famous source of fine rubies is Burma, now known as Myanmar. The ruby mines of Myanmar are older than recorded history; Stone Age and Bronze Age mining tools have been found in the mining area of Mogok. Rubies from the legendary mines in Mogok often have a pure red color, which has been described as "pigeon's-blood" although that term is more fanciful than an actual practical standard in the trade today. Myanmar also produces intense pinkish red rubies which are almost electric in color. Many of the rubies from Burma have a strong fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet rays like those in sunlight.<br /><br />
<br />
==Ruby phenomena==<br />
Star and cat's eye<br />
<br />
==Inclusion images==<br />
<br />
[[image:Apatite In Untreated Mogok Ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Apatite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby_-_2.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Calcite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Distorted calcite guest crystals in untreated Mogok ruby]]<br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Rutile_silk_in_untreated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Rutile silk in untreated Mogok ruby]]<br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Heat-treated_Mong_Hsu_ruby_-_1.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Heat treated Mong Hsu ruby]]<br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Partially_dissolved_rutile_silk_in_heat-treated_Vietnamese_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Partially dissolved rutile silk in heat treated Vietnamese ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Rounded_calcite_guest_crystals_with_'treacle'_colour_swirls_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Rounded calcite guest crystals with 'treacle' colour swirls in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Growth_lines,_guest_crystals_and_un-disolved_silk_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Growth lines, guest crystals and un-disolved rutile silk in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:'Treacle'_colour_swirls,_growth_lines_and_guest_crystals_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Treacle colour swirls, growth lines and guest crystals in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Rounded_calcite_guest_crystals_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Rounded calcite guest crystals in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Unusual_acicular_guest_crystal_and_small_particle_inclusions_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Unusual acicular guest crystal and small particle inclusions in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Distorted_calcite_guest_crystal_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Distorted calcite guest crystal in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Guest_crystals_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Guest crystals in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Apatite_and_calcite_guest_crystals_reflecting_within_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Apatite and calcite guest crystals reflecting within an un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
<br clear="all" /><br />
<br />
{| align=center<br />
|-<br />
| align=center |Photos courtesty of Apsara<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Apatite In Untreated Mogok Ruby.jpg|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Apatite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby_-_2.jpg|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Calcite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby.jpg|Distorted calcite guest crystals in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Rutile_silk_in_untreated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|Rutile silk in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Heat-treated_Mong_Hsu_ruby_-_1.jpg|Heat treated Mong Hsu ruby<br />
Image:Partially_dissolved_rutile_silk_in_heat-treated_Vietnamese_ruby.jpg|Partially dissolved rutile silk in heat treated Vietnamese ruby<br />
Image:Rounded_calcite_guest_crystals_with_'treacle'_colour_swirls_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|Rounded calcite guest crystals with 'treacle' colour swirls in un-heated Mogok ruby<br />
</gallery><br />
|}</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=Ruby&diff=5774Ruby2007-02-25T22:05:16Z<p>Pailin: /* Inclusion images */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Ruby}}<br />
[[Image:ruby.jpg|left|framed|Untreated 2.7 carat Ruby courtesy of Wild Fish Gems]]<br />
Ruby is the red variety of the mineral corundum. When corundum occurs in any other color it is referred to as a sapphire. Rubies are mined primarily in Burma, Madagascar, India and Eastern Africa. More important than the gem's locality of origin is the actual color and clarity of the stone. Rubies that are the most valuable will be a dead red in color, without any modifying tones of violet, orange or brown and are transparent in clarity. A fine ruby still commands the highest price of any stone in the world!<br />
<br />
The brilliant red color of the ruby has supported many tales. One is that rubies store vast quantities of heat and when placed in water, they will cause the water to boil. Obviously this is an exaggeration, but I know some that swear if you hold a ruby in your left hand, you'll feel bursts of heat. I'm a bit skeptical, so please let me know if you experience this phenomenon. Ruby, none the less, is a powerful stone and has long been considered a magnet for prosperity, attracting abundance both materially and spiritually. <br clear="left" /><br /><br />
<br />
==Spectrum==<br />
[[Image:ruby.gif|framed|left| Spectrum of ruby: both natural and synthetic.]]<br clear="left" /><br />
==Ruby history==<br />
The word ruby is derived from the Latin "rubeus", meaning "red".<br /><br />
<br />
==Ruby mining==<br />
The most famous source of fine rubies is Burma, now known as Myanmar. The ruby mines of Myanmar are older than recorded history; Stone Age and Bronze Age mining tools have been found in the mining area of Mogok. Rubies from the legendary mines in Mogok often have a pure red color, which has been described as "pigeon's-blood" although that term is more fanciful than an actual practical standard in the trade today. Myanmar also produces intense pinkish red rubies which are almost electric in color. Many of the rubies from Burma have a strong fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet rays like those in sunlight.<br /><br />
<br />
==Ruby phenomena==<br />
Star and cat's eye<br />
<br />
==Inclusion images==<br />
<br />
[[image:Apatite In Untreated Mogok Ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Apatite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby_-_2.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Calcite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Distorted calcite guest crystals in untreated Mogok ruby]]<br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Rutile_silk_in_untreated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Rutile silk in untreated Mogok ruby]]<br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Heat-treated_Mong_Hsu_ruby_-_1.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Heat treated Mong Hsu ruby]]<br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Partially_dissolved_rutile_silk_in_heat-treated_Vietnamese_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Partially dissolved rutile silk in heat treated Vietnamese ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Rounded_calcite_guest_crystals_with_'treacle'_colour_swirls_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Rounded calcite guest crystals with 'treacle' colour swirls in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Growth_lines,_guest_crystals_and_un-disolved_silk_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Growth lines, guest crystals and un-disolved rutile silk in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:'Treacle'_colour_swirls,_growth_lines_and_guest_crystals_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Treacle colour swirls, growth lines and guest crystals in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Rounded_calcite_guest_crystals_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Rounded calcite guest crystals in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Unusual_acicular_guest_crystal_and_small_particle_inclusions_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Unusual acicular guest crystal and small particle inclusions in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Distorted_calcite_guest_crystal_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Distorted calcite guest crystal in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Guest_crystals_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Guest crystals in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
<br />
<br clear="all" /><br />
<br />
{| align=center<br />
|-<br />
| align=center |Photos courtesty of Apsara<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Apatite In Untreated Mogok Ruby.jpg|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Apatite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby_-_2.jpg|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Calcite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby.jpg|Distorted calcite guest crystals in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Rutile_silk_in_untreated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|Rutile silk in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Heat-treated_Mong_Hsu_ruby_-_1.jpg|Heat treated Mong Hsu ruby<br />
Image:Partially_dissolved_rutile_silk_in_heat-treated_Vietnamese_ruby.jpg|Partially dissolved rutile silk in heat treated Vietnamese ruby<br />
Image:Rounded_calcite_guest_crystals_with_'treacle'_colour_swirls_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|Rounded calcite guest crystals with 'treacle' colour swirls in un-heated Mogok ruby<br />
</gallery><br />
|}</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=Ruby&diff=5773Ruby2007-02-25T22:03:27Z<p>Pailin: /* Inclusion images */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Ruby}}<br />
[[Image:ruby.jpg|left|framed|Untreated 2.7 carat Ruby courtesy of Wild Fish Gems]]<br />
Ruby is the red variety of the mineral corundum. When corundum occurs in any other color it is referred to as a sapphire. Rubies are mined primarily in Burma, Madagascar, India and Eastern Africa. More important than the gem's locality of origin is the actual color and clarity of the stone. Rubies that are the most valuable will be a dead red in color, without any modifying tones of violet, orange or brown and are transparent in clarity. A fine ruby still commands the highest price of any stone in the world!<br />
<br />
The brilliant red color of the ruby has supported many tales. One is that rubies store vast quantities of heat and when placed in water, they will cause the water to boil. Obviously this is an exaggeration, but I know some that swear if you hold a ruby in your left hand, you'll feel bursts of heat. I'm a bit skeptical, so please let me know if you experience this phenomenon. Ruby, none the less, is a powerful stone and has long been considered a magnet for prosperity, attracting abundance both materially and spiritually. <br clear="left" /><br /><br />
<br />
==Spectrum==<br />
[[Image:ruby.gif|framed|left| Spectrum of ruby: both natural and synthetic.]]<br clear="left" /><br />
==Ruby history==<br />
The word ruby is derived from the Latin "rubeus", meaning "red".<br /><br />
<br />
==Ruby mining==<br />
The most famous source of fine rubies is Burma, now known as Myanmar. The ruby mines of Myanmar are older than recorded history; Stone Age and Bronze Age mining tools have been found in the mining area of Mogok. Rubies from the legendary mines in Mogok often have a pure red color, which has been described as "pigeon's-blood" although that term is more fanciful than an actual practical standard in the trade today. Myanmar also produces intense pinkish red rubies which are almost electric in color. Many of the rubies from Burma have a strong fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet rays like those in sunlight.<br /><br />
<br />
==Ruby phenomena==<br />
Star and cat's eye<br />
<br />
==Inclusion images==<br />
<br />
[[image:Apatite In Untreated Mogok Ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Apatite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby_-_2.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Calcite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Distorted calcite guest crystals in untreated Mogok ruby]]<br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Rutile_silk_in_untreated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Rutile silk in untreated Mogok ruby]]<br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Heat-treated_Mong_Hsu_ruby_-_1.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Heat treated Mong Hsu ruby]]<br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Partially_dissolved_rutile_silk_in_heat-treated_Vietnamese_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Partially dissolved rutile silk in heat treated Vietnamese ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Rounded_calcite_guest_crystals_with_'treacle'_colour_swirls_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Rounded calcite guest crystals with 'treacle' colour swirls in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Growth_lines,_guest_crystals_and_un-disolved_silk_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Growth lines, guest crystals and un-disolved rutile silk in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:'Treacle'_colour_swirls,_growth_lines_and_guest_crystals_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Treacle colour swirls, growth lines and guest crystals in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Rounded_calcite_guest_crystals_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Rounded calcite guest crystals in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Unusual_acicular_guest_crystal_and_small_particle_inclusions_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Unusual acicular guest crystal and small particle inclusions in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Distorted_calcite_guest_crystal_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Distorted calcite guest crystal in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br clear="all" /><br />
<br />
{| align=center<br />
|-<br />
| align=center |Photos courtesty of Apsara<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Apatite In Untreated Mogok Ruby.jpg|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Apatite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby_-_2.jpg|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Calcite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby.jpg|Distorted calcite guest crystals in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Rutile_silk_in_untreated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|Rutile silk in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Heat-treated_Mong_Hsu_ruby_-_1.jpg|Heat treated Mong Hsu ruby<br />
Image:Partially_dissolved_rutile_silk_in_heat-treated_Vietnamese_ruby.jpg|Partially dissolved rutile silk in heat treated Vietnamese ruby<br />
Image:Rounded_calcite_guest_crystals_with_'treacle'_colour_swirls_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|Rounded calcite guest crystals with 'treacle' colour swirls in un-heated Mogok ruby<br />
</gallery><br />
|}</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=Ruby&diff=5772Ruby2007-02-25T22:01:29Z<p>Pailin: /* Inclusion images */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Ruby}}<br />
[[Image:ruby.jpg|left|framed|Untreated 2.7 carat Ruby courtesy of Wild Fish Gems]]<br />
Ruby is the red variety of the mineral corundum. When corundum occurs in any other color it is referred to as a sapphire. Rubies are mined primarily in Burma, Madagascar, India and Eastern Africa. More important than the gem's locality of origin is the actual color and clarity of the stone. Rubies that are the most valuable will be a dead red in color, without any modifying tones of violet, orange or brown and are transparent in clarity. A fine ruby still commands the highest price of any stone in the world!<br />
<br />
The brilliant red color of the ruby has supported many tales. One is that rubies store vast quantities of heat and when placed in water, they will cause the water to boil. Obviously this is an exaggeration, but I know some that swear if you hold a ruby in your left hand, you'll feel bursts of heat. I'm a bit skeptical, so please let me know if you experience this phenomenon. Ruby, none the less, is a powerful stone and has long been considered a magnet for prosperity, attracting abundance both materially and spiritually. <br clear="left" /><br /><br />
<br />
==Spectrum==<br />
[[Image:ruby.gif|framed|left| Spectrum of ruby: both natural and synthetic.]]<br clear="left" /><br />
==Ruby history==<br />
The word ruby is derived from the Latin "rubeus", meaning "red".<br /><br />
<br />
==Ruby mining==<br />
The most famous source of fine rubies is Burma, now known as Myanmar. The ruby mines of Myanmar are older than recorded history; Stone Age and Bronze Age mining tools have been found in the mining area of Mogok. Rubies from the legendary mines in Mogok often have a pure red color, which has been described as "pigeon's-blood" although that term is more fanciful than an actual practical standard in the trade today. Myanmar also produces intense pinkish red rubies which are almost electric in color. Many of the rubies from Burma have a strong fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet rays like those in sunlight.<br /><br />
<br />
==Ruby phenomena==<br />
Star and cat's eye<br />
<br />
==Inclusion images==<br />
<br />
[[image:Apatite In Untreated Mogok Ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Apatite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby_-_2.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Calcite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Distorted calcite guest crystals in untreated Mogok ruby]]<br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Rutile_silk_in_untreated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Rutile silk in untreated Mogok ruby]]<br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Heat-treated_Mong_Hsu_ruby_-_1.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Heat treated Mong Hsu ruby]]<br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Partially_dissolved_rutile_silk_in_heat-treated_Vietnamese_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Partially dissolved rutile silk in heat treated Vietnamese ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Rounded_calcite_guest_crystals_with_'treacle'_colour_swirls_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Rounded calcite guest crystals with 'treacle' colour swirls in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Growth_lines,_guest_crystals_and_un-disolved_silk_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Growth lines, guest crystals and un-disolved rutile silk in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:'Treacle'_colour_swirls,_growth_lines_and_guest_crystals_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Treacle colour swirls, growth lines and guest crystals in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Rounded_calcite_guest_crystals_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Rounded calcite guest crystals in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br clear="all" /><br />
<br />
{| align=center<br />
|-<br />
| align=center |Photos courtesty of Apsara<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Apatite In Untreated Mogok Ruby.jpg|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Apatite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby_-_2.jpg|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Calcite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby.jpg|Distorted calcite guest crystals in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Rutile_silk_in_untreated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|Rutile silk in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Heat-treated_Mong_Hsu_ruby_-_1.jpg|Heat treated Mong Hsu ruby<br />
Image:Partially_dissolved_rutile_silk_in_heat-treated_Vietnamese_ruby.jpg|Partially dissolved rutile silk in heat treated Vietnamese ruby<br />
Image:Rounded_calcite_guest_crystals_with_'treacle'_colour_swirls_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|Rounded calcite guest crystals with 'treacle' colour swirls in un-heated Mogok ruby<br />
</gallery><br />
|}</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=Ruby&diff=5771Ruby2007-02-25T22:00:31Z<p>Pailin: /* Inclusion images */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Ruby}}<br />
[[Image:ruby.jpg|left|framed|Untreated 2.7 carat Ruby courtesy of Wild Fish Gems]]<br />
Ruby is the red variety of the mineral corundum. When corundum occurs in any other color it is referred to as a sapphire. Rubies are mined primarily in Burma, Madagascar, India and Eastern Africa. More important than the gem's locality of origin is the actual color and clarity of the stone. Rubies that are the most valuable will be a dead red in color, without any modifying tones of violet, orange or brown and are transparent in clarity. A fine ruby still commands the highest price of any stone in the world!<br />
<br />
The brilliant red color of the ruby has supported many tales. One is that rubies store vast quantities of heat and when placed in water, they will cause the water to boil. Obviously this is an exaggeration, but I know some that swear if you hold a ruby in your left hand, you'll feel bursts of heat. I'm a bit skeptical, so please let me know if you experience this phenomenon. Ruby, none the less, is a powerful stone and has long been considered a magnet for prosperity, attracting abundance both materially and spiritually. <br clear="left" /><br /><br />
<br />
==Spectrum==<br />
[[Image:ruby.gif|framed|left| Spectrum of ruby: both natural and synthetic.]]<br clear="left" /><br />
==Ruby history==<br />
The word ruby is derived from the Latin "rubeus", meaning "red".<br /><br />
<br />
==Ruby mining==<br />
The most famous source of fine rubies is Burma, now known as Myanmar. The ruby mines of Myanmar are older than recorded history; Stone Age and Bronze Age mining tools have been found in the mining area of Mogok. Rubies from the legendary mines in Mogok often have a pure red color, which has been described as "pigeon's-blood" although that term is more fanciful than an actual practical standard in the trade today. Myanmar also produces intense pinkish red rubies which are almost electric in color. Many of the rubies from Burma have a strong fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet rays like those in sunlight.<br /><br />
<br />
==Ruby phenomena==<br />
Star and cat's eye<br />
<br />
==Inclusion images==<br />
<br />
[[image:Apatite In Untreated Mogok Ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Apatite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby_-_2.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Calcite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Distorted calcite guest crystals in untreated Mogok ruby]]<br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Rutile_silk_in_untreated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Rutile silk in untreated Mogok ruby]]<br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Heat-treated_Mong_Hsu_ruby_-_1.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Heat treated Mong Hsu ruby]]<br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Partially_dissolved_rutile_silk_in_heat-treated_Vietnamese_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Partially dissolved rutile silk in heat treated Vietnamese ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Rounded_calcite_guest_crystals_with_'treacle'_colour_swirls_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Rounded calcite guest crystals with 'treacle' colour swirls in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Growth_lines,_guest_crystals_and_un-disolved_silk_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Growth lines, guest crystals and un-disolved rutile silk in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:'Treacle'_colour_swirls,_growth_lines_and_guest_crystals_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Treacle colour swirls, growth lines and guest crystals in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br clear="all" /><br />
<br />
{| align=center<br />
|-<br />
| align=center |Photos courtesty of Apsara<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Apatite In Untreated Mogok Ruby.jpg|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Apatite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby_-_2.jpg|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Calcite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby.jpg|Distorted calcite guest crystals in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Rutile_silk_in_untreated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|Rutile silk in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Heat-treated_Mong_Hsu_ruby_-_1.jpg|Heat treated Mong Hsu ruby<br />
Image:Partially_dissolved_rutile_silk_in_heat-treated_Vietnamese_ruby.jpg|Partially dissolved rutile silk in heat treated Vietnamese ruby<br />
Image:Rounded_calcite_guest_crystals_with_'treacle'_colour_swirls_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|Rounded calcite guest crystals with 'treacle' colour swirls in un-heated Mogok ruby<br />
</gallery><br />
|}</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=Ruby&diff=5770Ruby2007-02-25T21:59:56Z<p>Pailin: /* Inclusion images */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Ruby}}<br />
[[Image:ruby.jpg|left|framed|Untreated 2.7 carat Ruby courtesy of Wild Fish Gems]]<br />
Ruby is the red variety of the mineral corundum. When corundum occurs in any other color it is referred to as a sapphire. Rubies are mined primarily in Burma, Madagascar, India and Eastern Africa. More important than the gem's locality of origin is the actual color and clarity of the stone. Rubies that are the most valuable will be a dead red in color, without any modifying tones of violet, orange or brown and are transparent in clarity. A fine ruby still commands the highest price of any stone in the world!<br />
<br />
The brilliant red color of the ruby has supported many tales. One is that rubies store vast quantities of heat and when placed in water, they will cause the water to boil. Obviously this is an exaggeration, but I know some that swear if you hold a ruby in your left hand, you'll feel bursts of heat. I'm a bit skeptical, so please let me know if you experience this phenomenon. Ruby, none the less, is a powerful stone and has long been considered a magnet for prosperity, attracting abundance both materially and spiritually. <br clear="left" /><br /><br />
<br />
==Spectrum==<br />
[[Image:ruby.gif|framed|left| Spectrum of ruby: both natural and synthetic.]]<br clear="left" /><br />
==Ruby history==<br />
The word ruby is derived from the Latin "rubeus", meaning "red".<br /><br />
<br />
==Ruby mining==<br />
The most famous source of fine rubies is Burma, now known as Myanmar. The ruby mines of Myanmar are older than recorded history; Stone Age and Bronze Age mining tools have been found in the mining area of Mogok. Rubies from the legendary mines in Mogok often have a pure red color, which has been described as "pigeon's-blood" although that term is more fanciful than an actual practical standard in the trade today. Myanmar also produces intense pinkish red rubies which are almost electric in color. Many of the rubies from Burma have a strong fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet rays like those in sunlight.<br /><br />
<br />
==Ruby phenomena==<br />
Star and cat's eye<br />
<br />
==Inclusion images==<br />
<br />
[[image:Apatite In Untreated Mogok Ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Apatite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby_-_2.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Calcite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Distorted calcite guest crystals in untreated Mogok ruby]]<br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Rutile_silk_in_untreated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Rutile silk in untreated Mogok ruby]]<br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Heat-treated_Mong_Hsu_ruby_-_1.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Heat treated Mong Hsu ruby]]<br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Partially_dissolved_rutile_silk_in_heat-treated_Vietnamese_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Partially dissolved rutile silk in heat treated Vietnamese ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Rounded_calcite_guest_crystals_with_'treacle'_colour_swirls_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Rounded calcite guest crystals with 'treacle' colour swirls in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Growth_lines,_guest_crystals_and_un-disolved_silk_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Growth lines, guest crystals and un-disolved rutile silk in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br clear="all" /><br />
<br />
{| align=center<br />
|-<br />
| align=center |Photos courtesty of Apsara<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Apatite In Untreated Mogok Ruby.jpg|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Apatite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby_-_2.jpg|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Calcite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby.jpg|Distorted calcite guest crystals in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Rutile_silk_in_untreated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|Rutile silk in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Heat-treated_Mong_Hsu_ruby_-_1.jpg|Heat treated Mong Hsu ruby<br />
Image:Partially_dissolved_rutile_silk_in_heat-treated_Vietnamese_ruby.jpg|Partially dissolved rutile silk in heat treated Vietnamese ruby<br />
Image:Rounded_calcite_guest_crystals_with_'treacle'_colour_swirls_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|Rounded calcite guest crystals with 'treacle' colour swirls in un-heated Mogok ruby<br />
</gallery><br />
|}</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Apatite_and_calcite_guest_crystals_reflecting_within_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg&diff=5769File:Apatite and calcite guest crystals reflecting within un-heated Mogok ruby.jpg2007-02-25T21:57:52Z<p>Pailin: </p>
<hr />
<div>Apatite and calcite guest crystals reflecting within an un-heated Mogok ruby, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Distorted_calcite_guest_crystal_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg&diff=5768File:Distorted calcite guest crystal in un-heated Mogok ruby.jpg2007-02-25T21:49:00Z<p>Pailin: </p>
<hr />
<div>Distorted calcite guest crystal in un-heated Mogok ruby, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=Ruby&diff=5767Ruby2007-02-25T20:48:36Z<p>Pailin: /* Inclusion images */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Ruby}}<br />
[[Image:ruby.jpg|left|framed|Untreated 2.7 carat Ruby courtesy of Wild Fish Gems]]<br />
Ruby is the red variety of the mineral corundum. When corundum occurs in any other color it is referred to as a sapphire. Rubies are mined primarily in Burma, Madagascar, India and Eastern Africa. More important than the gem's locality of origin is the actual color and clarity of the stone. Rubies that are the most valuable will be a dead red in color, without any modifying tones of violet, orange or brown and are transparent in clarity. A fine ruby still commands the highest price of any stone in the world!<br />
<br />
The brilliant red color of the ruby has supported many tales. One is that rubies store vast quantities of heat and when placed in water, they will cause the water to boil. Obviously this is an exaggeration, but I know some that swear if you hold a ruby in your left hand, you'll feel bursts of heat. I'm a bit skeptical, so please let me know if you experience this phenomenon. Ruby, none the less, is a powerful stone and has long been considered a magnet for prosperity, attracting abundance both materially and spiritually. <br clear="left" /><br /><br />
<br />
==Spectrum==<br />
[[Image:ruby.gif|framed|left| Spectrum of ruby: both natural and synthetic.]]<br clear="left" /><br />
==Ruby history==<br />
The word ruby is derived from the Latin "rubeus", meaning "red".<br /><br />
<br />
==Ruby mining==<br />
The most famous source of fine rubies is Burma, now known as Myanmar. The ruby mines of Myanmar are older than recorded history; Stone Age and Bronze Age mining tools have been found in the mining area of Mogok. Rubies from the legendary mines in Mogok often have a pure red color, which has been described as "pigeon's-blood" although that term is more fanciful than an actual practical standard in the trade today. Myanmar also produces intense pinkish red rubies which are almost electric in color. Many of the rubies from Burma have a strong fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet rays like those in sunlight.<br /><br />
<br />
==Ruby phenomena==<br />
Star and cat's eye<br />
<br />
==Inclusion images==<br />
<br />
[[image:Apatite In Untreated Mogok Ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Apatite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby_-_2.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Calcite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Distorted calcite guest crystals in untreated Mogok ruby]]<br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Rutile_silk_in_untreated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Rutile silk in untreated Mogok ruby]]<br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Heat-treated_Mong_Hsu_ruby_-_1.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Heat treated Mong Hsu ruby]]<br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Partially_dissolved_rutile_silk_in_heat-treated_Vietnamese_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Partially dissolved rutile silk in heat treated Vietnamese ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
[[image:Rounded_calcite_guest_crystals_with_'treacle'_colour_swirls_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Rounded calcite guest crystals with 'treacle' colour swirls in un-heated Mogok ruby]] <br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
<br clear="all" /><br />
<br />
{| align=center<br />
|-<br />
| align=center |Photos courtesty of Apsara<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Apatite In Untreated Mogok Ruby.jpg|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Apatite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby_-_2.jpg|Apatite in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Calcite_In_Untreated_Mogok_Ruby.jpg|Distorted calcite guest crystals in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Rutile_silk_in_untreated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|Rutile silk in untreated Mogok ruby<br />
Image:Heat-treated_Mong_Hsu_ruby_-_1.jpg|Heat treated Mong Hsu ruby<br />
Image:Partially_dissolved_rutile_silk_in_heat-treated_Vietnamese_ruby.jpg|Partially dissolved rutile silk in heat treated Vietnamese ruby<br />
Image:Rounded_calcite_guest_crystals_with_'treacle'_colour_swirls_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg|Rounded calcite guest crystals with 'treacle' colour swirls in un-heated Mogok ruby<br />
</gallery><br />
|}</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Apatite_and_calcite_guest_crystals_reflecting_within_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg&diff=5766File:Apatite and calcite guest crystals reflecting within un-heated Mogok ruby.jpg2007-02-24T14:13:26Z<p>Pailin: Apatite and calcite guset crystals reflecting within an un-heated Mogok ruby, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>Apatite and calcite guset crystals reflecting within an un-heated Mogok ruby, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailinhttps://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Guest_crystals_in_un-heated_Mogok_ruby.jpg&diff=5765File:Guest crystals in un-heated Mogok ruby.jpg2007-02-24T14:12:17Z<p>Pailin: Guest crystals in un-heated Mogok ruby, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</p>
<hr />
<div>Guest crystals in un-heated Mogok ruby, courtesy of apsara.co.uk.</div>Pailin