http://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Jean&feedformat=atomThe Gemology Project - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T17:33:59ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.28.0http://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=Tanzanite&diff=13982Tanzanite2017-09-06T07:19:36Z<p>Jean: /* Tanzanite pictures */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Tanzanite}}<br />
[[Image:Tanzy.jpg|left|framed|Faceted D Block Tanzanite<br />Photo courtesty of Lembeck Gems]]<br clear="left" /><br />
Tanzanite, a variety of [[zoisite]], was discovered in the Merelani district of Tanzania near Mount Kilimanjaro in 1967. So far, all tanzanite discovery has been limited to a six kilometer strip in this area, which was divided into four blocks, labeled A, B, C and D. Block C is the only site still commercially producing rough tanzanite at this time.<br />
<br />
Almost all purple and blue varieties of the stone are the result of heat treatment. The stone is a yellowish-brown "bug juice" color when it is mined, but when heated to between 426.7-482.2 degrees Celsius, it becomes that gorgeous violet blue that is used in jewelry. The stone has never been found in another locality, so it is indeed a depleting resource. It is somewhat soft (6-7 on Mohs scale of hardness) and has a direction of cleavage along which it can be easily broken. It is desirable because of its elegant, opulent color.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostics==<br />
<br />
Tanzanite can be confused with [[sapphire]]. Interference figure, refractive index and specific gravity can easily seperate tanzanite from sapphire.<br />
<br />
===Color===<br />
<br />
Violet blue to blue to bluish purple. The color is due to vanadium.<br /><br />
Someone once described the color of tanzanite as "Tanzanite looks like sapphire wishes it could look" [Wise, 2003].<br />
<br />
===Diaphaneity===<br />
<br />
Transparent.<br />
<br />
===Magnification===<br />
<br />
Tanzanite is a type I stone on the GIA clarity scale and is usually not included.<br />
<br />
===Refractometer===<br />
<br />
n<sub>α</sub> = 1.685 - 1.696, n<sub>β</sub> = 1.693 -1.702 and n<sub>γ</sub> = 1.700 -1.707 with a birefringence of 0.008 - 0.013.<br /><br />
The optic nature is biaxial +.<br />
<br />
Other stones falling in this range are:<br />
* [[Diopside]] (higher birefringence)<br />
* [[Sinhalite]] (higher birefringence)<br />
* [[Idocrase]] (higher refractive index and lower birefringence)<br />
<br />
===Specific gravity===<br />
<br />
3.25 - 3.60 (mean 3.35).<br /><br />
Tanzanite will sink slowly in methylene iodide (sg = 3.33).<br />
<br />
===Spectroscope===<br />
[[Image:tanzanite_spectrum.gif|framed|left| Spectrum of blue, transparent tanzanite.]]<br clear="left" /><br />
Untreated tanzanite will show weak bands in the yellow-orange, red, green and blue. Heat treated tanzanite may show even weaker bands or non atall (especially in lighter colors).<br />
<br />
===Pleochroism===<br />
<br />
Natural tanzanite does occur and it exhibits strong trichroism. The typical colors are violet to purplish red, blue and green (the green portion may also be yellow).<br /><br />
Most tanzanite on the market is heated brownish zoisite and shows two distinct colors under the dichroscope: violet to purplish red and blue. There will be two shades of blue, so the stone is still considered as trichroic, but the yellow or green is not observed in these heated stones. For that reason it is often referred to as being dichroic.<br />
<br />
==Durability==<br />
<br />
Tanzanite is relative soft on the Moh's scale (6½) so care should be taken not to scratch it. Due to its perfect prismatic cleavage it can easily break when hit with a hard and/or sharp object.<br />
<br />
==Phenomena==<br />
Cat's eye stones are known to exist<br /><br />
[[Image:CETanzy.jpg|left|thumb|240px|Cat's Eye Tanzanite<br />Photo courtesty of The Gem Trader]]<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
==Treatments==<br />
<br />
Usually heat treated to remove the yellow-green to brown components. Heating is usually conducted at temperatures between 400 and 600 degrees centigrade. As Tanzanite's color largely depends on the ratio of Vanadium and Titanium within its crystal structure, any changes to this delicate balance has a marked effect on its color. Heating results in a valence exchange reaction or redox reaction which causes an increase in the violet and blue colors and renders the Titanium colorless. The image below shows Tanzanite crystals before and after heating.<br />
<br />
[[File:Tanzanite-Heating.png]]<br />
<br />
== Tanzanite pictures ==<br />
<br />
[[File:Rought-tanzanite-burgundy.jpg|240px|Rough Tanzanite]]<br />
[[File:Tanzanite-ore.jpg|240px|Tanzanite ore]]<br />
<br />
==Synthetics==<br />
<br />
None known (although there are rumors of a synthetic tanzanite being created in Russia).<br />
<br />
==Imitations==<br />
<br />
Most stones that are used to simulate tanzanite can easily be seperated by optical properties and/or the use of a [[Color_Filters#Tanzanite_Filter|Hanneman Tanzanite Filter]].<br />
<br />
<br />
{|{{table}} style="margin:auto;" width="80%"<br />
! Imitation<br />
! Key seperation<br />
|-<br />
|[[Synthetic forsterite]] <br />
|Double refraction, Tanzanite filter, fluorescence<br />
|-<br />
|U.M.Tanzanic (lead [[glass]]) <br />
|Polariscope, RI ~ 1.6<br />
|-<br />
|Coranite&trade; (synthetic [[sapphire]])<br />
|Refractive index, optic figure using polariscope with coniscope<br />
|-<br />
|Tanavyte&trade; ([[YAG]])<br />
|Polariscope, RI ~ 1.8<br />
|-<br />
|Tanzation (synthetic [[spinel]]/cobalt glass triplets)<br />
|Polariscope, RI = 1.726<br />
|-<br />
|[[Cubic zirconia]]<br />
|Polariscope, RI = 2.1-2.2, SG = 5.6-5.9 <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
<br />
* ''Gem Identification Made Easy, Third Edition'' (2003) - Antoinette L . Matlins, Antonio C. Bonanno ISBN 0943763347<br />
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000WDQF18?ie=UTF8&tag=gemsandwhywelove&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=B000WDQF18 Gemmology 3rd edition (2005) - Peter Read ]<br />
<br />
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0750658568?ie=UTF8&tag=gemsandwhywelove&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=0750658568 Gems Their Sources, Descriptions and Identification'' 4th Edition (1990) - Robert Webster (6th ed.)]<br />
* ''A Students' Guide to Spectroscopy'' (2003) - Colin Winter FGA, DGA ISBN 0954485300<br />
* ''Gem Reference Guide'' (1995) - GIA ISBN 0873110196<br /><br />
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0972822380?ie=UTF8&tag=gemsandwhywelove&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=0972822380 Secrets of the Gem Trade, by Richard W. Wise]<br />
* [http://www.gia.edu/newsroom/issue/2798/2231/insider_newsletter_details.cfm#3 Insider Gemologist: What Are the Identifying Characteristics of Tanzanite, and How Is It Distinguished from Imitations?] (2004) - GIA<br />
* [http://www.lapigems.com/blog/post/2013/01/17/Tanzanite-Heating-The-Facts.aspx The Science Behind Tanzanite Heating] (2013) - Antony Zagoritis, GG</div>Jeanhttp://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Tanzanite-ore.jpg&diff=13981File:Tanzanite-ore.jpg2017-09-06T07:19:00Z<p>Jean: Tanzanite ore is bluish, graphite containing, often with quartz, pyrite, garnet</p>
<hr />
<div>Tanzanite ore is bluish, graphite containing, often with quartz, pyrite, garnet</div>Jeanhttp://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=Tanzanite&diff=13980Tanzanite2017-09-06T07:17:35Z<p>Jean: /* Rough Tanzanite pictures */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Tanzanite}}<br />
[[Image:Tanzy.jpg|left|framed|Faceted D Block Tanzanite<br />Photo courtesty of Lembeck Gems]]<br clear="left" /><br />
Tanzanite, a variety of [[zoisite]], was discovered in the Merelani district of Tanzania near Mount Kilimanjaro in 1967. So far, all tanzanite discovery has been limited to a six kilometer strip in this area, which was divided into four blocks, labeled A, B, C and D. Block C is the only site still commercially producing rough tanzanite at this time.<br />
<br />
Almost all purple and blue varieties of the stone are the result of heat treatment. The stone is a yellowish-brown "bug juice" color when it is mined, but when heated to between 426.7-482.2 degrees Celsius, it becomes that gorgeous violet blue that is used in jewelry. The stone has never been found in another locality, so it is indeed a depleting resource. It is somewhat soft (6-7 on Mohs scale of hardness) and has a direction of cleavage along which it can be easily broken. It is desirable because of its elegant, opulent color.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostics==<br />
<br />
Tanzanite can be confused with [[sapphire]]. Interference figure, refractive index and specific gravity can easily seperate tanzanite from sapphire.<br />
<br />
===Color===<br />
<br />
Violet blue to blue to bluish purple. The color is due to vanadium.<br /><br />
Someone once described the color of tanzanite as "Tanzanite looks like sapphire wishes it could look" [Wise, 2003].<br />
<br />
===Diaphaneity===<br />
<br />
Transparent.<br />
<br />
===Magnification===<br />
<br />
Tanzanite is a type I stone on the GIA clarity scale and is usually not included.<br />
<br />
===Refractometer===<br />
<br />
n<sub>α</sub> = 1.685 - 1.696, n<sub>β</sub> = 1.693 -1.702 and n<sub>γ</sub> = 1.700 -1.707 with a birefringence of 0.008 - 0.013.<br /><br />
The optic nature is biaxial +.<br />
<br />
Other stones falling in this range are:<br />
* [[Diopside]] (higher birefringence)<br />
* [[Sinhalite]] (higher birefringence)<br />
* [[Idocrase]] (higher refractive index and lower birefringence)<br />
<br />
===Specific gravity===<br />
<br />
3.25 - 3.60 (mean 3.35).<br /><br />
Tanzanite will sink slowly in methylene iodide (sg = 3.33).<br />
<br />
===Spectroscope===<br />
[[Image:tanzanite_spectrum.gif|framed|left| Spectrum of blue, transparent tanzanite.]]<br clear="left" /><br />
Untreated tanzanite will show weak bands in the yellow-orange, red, green and blue. Heat treated tanzanite may show even weaker bands or non atall (especially in lighter colors).<br />
<br />
===Pleochroism===<br />
<br />
Natural tanzanite does occur and it exhibits strong trichroism. The typical colors are violet to purplish red, blue and green (the green portion may also be yellow).<br /><br />
Most tanzanite on the market is heated brownish zoisite and shows two distinct colors under the dichroscope: violet to purplish red and blue. There will be two shades of blue, so the stone is still considered as trichroic, but the yellow or green is not observed in these heated stones. For that reason it is often referred to as being dichroic.<br />
<br />
==Durability==<br />
<br />
Tanzanite is relative soft on the Moh's scale (6½) so care should be taken not to scratch it. Due to its perfect prismatic cleavage it can easily break when hit with a hard and/or sharp object.<br />
<br />
==Phenomena==<br />
Cat's eye stones are known to exist<br /><br />
[[Image:CETanzy.jpg|left|thumb|240px|Cat's Eye Tanzanite<br />Photo courtesty of The Gem Trader]]<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
==Treatments==<br />
<br />
Usually heat treated to remove the yellow-green to brown components. Heating is usually conducted at temperatures between 400 and 600 degrees centigrade. As Tanzanite's color largely depends on the ratio of Vanadium and Titanium within its crystal structure, any changes to this delicate balance has a marked effect on its color. Heating results in a valence exchange reaction or redox reaction which causes an increase in the violet and blue colors and renders the Titanium colorless. The image below shows Tanzanite crystals before and after heating.<br />
<br />
[[File:Tanzanite-Heating.png]]<br />
<br />
== Rough Tanzanite pictures ==<br />
<br />
[[File:Rought-tanzanite-burgundy.jpg|240px|Rough Tanzanite]]<br />
[[File:Tanznite-ore.jpg|240px|Tanzanite ore]]<br />
<br />
==Synthetics==<br />
<br />
None known (although there are rumors of a synthetic tanzanite being created in Russia).<br />
<br />
==Imitations==<br />
<br />
Most stones that are used to simulate tanzanite can easily be seperated by optical properties and/or the use of a [[Color_Filters#Tanzanite_Filter|Hanneman Tanzanite Filter]].<br />
<br />
<br />
{|{{table}} style="margin:auto;" width="80%"<br />
! Imitation<br />
! Key seperation<br />
|-<br />
|[[Synthetic forsterite]] <br />
|Double refraction, Tanzanite filter, fluorescence<br />
|-<br />
|U.M.Tanzanic (lead [[glass]]) <br />
|Polariscope, RI ~ 1.6<br />
|-<br />
|Coranite&trade; (synthetic [[sapphire]])<br />
|Refractive index, optic figure using polariscope with coniscope<br />
|-<br />
|Tanavyte&trade; ([[YAG]])<br />
|Polariscope, RI ~ 1.8<br />
|-<br />
|Tanzation (synthetic [[spinel]]/cobalt glass triplets)<br />
|Polariscope, RI = 1.726<br />
|-<br />
|[[Cubic zirconia]]<br />
|Polariscope, RI = 2.1-2.2, SG = 5.6-5.9 <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
<br />
* ''Gem Identification Made Easy, Third Edition'' (2003) - Antoinette L . Matlins, Antonio C. Bonanno ISBN 0943763347<br />
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000WDQF18?ie=UTF8&tag=gemsandwhywelove&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=B000WDQF18 Gemmology 3rd edition (2005) - Peter Read ]<br />
<br />
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0750658568?ie=UTF8&tag=gemsandwhywelove&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=0750658568 Gems Their Sources, Descriptions and Identification'' 4th Edition (1990) - Robert Webster (6th ed.)]<br />
* ''A Students' Guide to Spectroscopy'' (2003) - Colin Winter FGA, DGA ISBN 0954485300<br />
* ''Gem Reference Guide'' (1995) - GIA ISBN 0873110196<br /><br />
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0972822380?ie=UTF8&tag=gemsandwhywelove&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=0972822380 Secrets of the Gem Trade, by Richard W. Wise]<br />
* [http://www.gia.edu/newsroom/issue/2798/2231/insider_newsletter_details.cfm#3 Insider Gemologist: What Are the Identifying Characteristics of Tanzanite, and How Is It Distinguished from Imitations?] (2004) - GIA<br />
* [http://www.lapigems.com/blog/post/2013/01/17/Tanzanite-Heating-The-Facts.aspx The Science Behind Tanzanite Heating] (2013) - Antony Zagoritis, GG</div>Jeanhttp://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=Tanzanite&diff=13979Tanzanite2017-09-06T07:03:58Z<p>Jean: /* Rough Tanzanite pictures */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Tanzanite}}<br />
[[Image:Tanzy.jpg|left|framed|Faceted D Block Tanzanite<br />Photo courtesty of Lembeck Gems]]<br clear="left" /><br />
Tanzanite, a variety of [[zoisite]], was discovered in the Merelani district of Tanzania near Mount Kilimanjaro in 1967. So far, all tanzanite discovery has been limited to a six kilometer strip in this area, which was divided into four blocks, labeled A, B, C and D. Block C is the only site still commercially producing rough tanzanite at this time.<br />
<br />
Almost all purple and blue varieties of the stone are the result of heat treatment. The stone is a yellowish-brown "bug juice" color when it is mined, but when heated to between 426.7-482.2 degrees Celsius, it becomes that gorgeous violet blue that is used in jewelry. The stone has never been found in another locality, so it is indeed a depleting resource. It is somewhat soft (6-7 on Mohs scale of hardness) and has a direction of cleavage along which it can be easily broken. It is desirable because of its elegant, opulent color.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostics==<br />
<br />
Tanzanite can be confused with [[sapphire]]. Interference figure, refractive index and specific gravity can easily seperate tanzanite from sapphire.<br />
<br />
===Color===<br />
<br />
Violet blue to blue to bluish purple. The color is due to vanadium.<br /><br />
Someone once described the color of tanzanite as "Tanzanite looks like sapphire wishes it could look" [Wise, 2003].<br />
<br />
===Diaphaneity===<br />
<br />
Transparent.<br />
<br />
===Magnification===<br />
<br />
Tanzanite is a type I stone on the GIA clarity scale and is usually not included.<br />
<br />
===Refractometer===<br />
<br />
n<sub>α</sub> = 1.685 - 1.696, n<sub>β</sub> = 1.693 -1.702 and n<sub>γ</sub> = 1.700 -1.707 with a birefringence of 0.008 - 0.013.<br /><br />
The optic nature is biaxial +.<br />
<br />
Other stones falling in this range are:<br />
* [[Diopside]] (higher birefringence)<br />
* [[Sinhalite]] (higher birefringence)<br />
* [[Idocrase]] (higher refractive index and lower birefringence)<br />
<br />
===Specific gravity===<br />
<br />
3.25 - 3.60 (mean 3.35).<br /><br />
Tanzanite will sink slowly in methylene iodide (sg = 3.33).<br />
<br />
===Spectroscope===<br />
[[Image:tanzanite_spectrum.gif|framed|left| Spectrum of blue, transparent tanzanite.]]<br clear="left" /><br />
Untreated tanzanite will show weak bands in the yellow-orange, red, green and blue. Heat treated tanzanite may show even weaker bands or non atall (especially in lighter colors).<br />
<br />
===Pleochroism===<br />
<br />
Natural tanzanite does occur and it exhibits strong trichroism. The typical colors are violet to purplish red, blue and green (the green portion may also be yellow).<br /><br />
Most tanzanite on the market is heated brownish zoisite and shows two distinct colors under the dichroscope: violet to purplish red and blue. There will be two shades of blue, so the stone is still considered as trichroic, but the yellow or green is not observed in these heated stones. For that reason it is often referred to as being dichroic.<br />
<br />
==Durability==<br />
<br />
Tanzanite is relative soft on the Moh's scale (6½) so care should be taken not to scratch it. Due to its perfect prismatic cleavage it can easily break when hit with a hard and/or sharp object.<br />
<br />
==Phenomena==<br />
Cat's eye stones are known to exist<br /><br />
[[Image:CETanzy.jpg|left|thumb|240px|Cat's Eye Tanzanite<br />Photo courtesty of The Gem Trader]]<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
==Treatments==<br />
<br />
Usually heat treated to remove the yellow-green to brown components. Heating is usually conducted at temperatures between 400 and 600 degrees centigrade. As Tanzanite's color largely depends on the ratio of Vanadium and Titanium within its crystal structure, any changes to this delicate balance has a marked effect on its color. Heating results in a valence exchange reaction or redox reaction which causes an increase in the violet and blue colors and renders the Titanium colorless. The image below shows Tanzanite crystals before and after heating.<br />
<br />
[[File:Tanzanite-Heating.png]]<br />
<br />
== Rough Tanzanite pictures ==<br />
<br />
[[File:Rought-tanzanite-burgundy.jpg|240px|Rough Tanzanite]]<br />
<br />
==Synthetics==<br />
<br />
None known (although there are rumors of a synthetic tanzanite being created in Russia).<br />
<br />
==Imitations==<br />
<br />
Most stones that are used to simulate tanzanite can easily be seperated by optical properties and/or the use of a [[Color_Filters#Tanzanite_Filter|Hanneman Tanzanite Filter]].<br />
<br />
<br />
{|{{table}} style="margin:auto;" width="80%"<br />
! Imitation<br />
! Key seperation<br />
|-<br />
|[[Synthetic forsterite]] <br />
|Double refraction, Tanzanite filter, fluorescence<br />
|-<br />
|U.M.Tanzanic (lead [[glass]]) <br />
|Polariscope, RI ~ 1.6<br />
|-<br />
|Coranite&trade; (synthetic [[sapphire]])<br />
|Refractive index, optic figure using polariscope with coniscope<br />
|-<br />
|Tanavyte&trade; ([[YAG]])<br />
|Polariscope, RI ~ 1.8<br />
|-<br />
|Tanzation (synthetic [[spinel]]/cobalt glass triplets)<br />
|Polariscope, RI = 1.726<br />
|-<br />
|[[Cubic zirconia]]<br />
|Polariscope, RI = 2.1-2.2, SG = 5.6-5.9 <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
<br />
* ''Gem Identification Made Easy, Third Edition'' (2003) - Antoinette L . Matlins, Antonio C. Bonanno ISBN 0943763347<br />
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000WDQF18?ie=UTF8&tag=gemsandwhywelove&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=B000WDQF18 Gemmology 3rd edition (2005) - Peter Read ]<br />
<br />
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0750658568?ie=UTF8&tag=gemsandwhywelove&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=0750658568 Gems Their Sources, Descriptions and Identification'' 4th Edition (1990) - Robert Webster (6th ed.)]<br />
* ''A Students' Guide to Spectroscopy'' (2003) - Colin Winter FGA, DGA ISBN 0954485300<br />
* ''Gem Reference Guide'' (1995) - GIA ISBN 0873110196<br /><br />
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0972822380?ie=UTF8&tag=gemsandwhywelove&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=0972822380 Secrets of the Gem Trade, by Richard W. Wise]<br />
* [http://www.gia.edu/newsroom/issue/2798/2231/insider_newsletter_details.cfm#3 Insider Gemologist: What Are the Identifying Characteristics of Tanzanite, and How Is It Distinguished from Imitations?] (2004) - GIA<br />
* [http://www.lapigems.com/blog/post/2013/01/17/Tanzanite-Heating-The-Facts.aspx The Science Behind Tanzanite Heating] (2013) - Antony Zagoritis, GG</div>Jeanhttp://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=Tanzanite&diff=13978Tanzanite2017-09-06T07:03:40Z<p>Jean: /* Rough Tanzanite pictures */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Tanzanite}}<br />
[[Image:Tanzy.jpg|left|framed|Faceted D Block Tanzanite<br />Photo courtesty of Lembeck Gems]]<br clear="left" /><br />
Tanzanite, a variety of [[zoisite]], was discovered in the Merelani district of Tanzania near Mount Kilimanjaro in 1967. So far, all tanzanite discovery has been limited to a six kilometer strip in this area, which was divided into four blocks, labeled A, B, C and D. Block C is the only site still commercially producing rough tanzanite at this time.<br />
<br />
Almost all purple and blue varieties of the stone are the result of heat treatment. The stone is a yellowish-brown "bug juice" color when it is mined, but when heated to between 426.7-482.2 degrees Celsius, it becomes that gorgeous violet blue that is used in jewelry. The stone has never been found in another locality, so it is indeed a depleting resource. It is somewhat soft (6-7 on Mohs scale of hardness) and has a direction of cleavage along which it can be easily broken. It is desirable because of its elegant, opulent color.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostics==<br />
<br />
Tanzanite can be confused with [[sapphire]]. Interference figure, refractive index and specific gravity can easily seperate tanzanite from sapphire.<br />
<br />
===Color===<br />
<br />
Violet blue to blue to bluish purple. The color is due to vanadium.<br /><br />
Someone once described the color of tanzanite as "Tanzanite looks like sapphire wishes it could look" [Wise, 2003].<br />
<br />
===Diaphaneity===<br />
<br />
Transparent.<br />
<br />
===Magnification===<br />
<br />
Tanzanite is a type I stone on the GIA clarity scale and is usually not included.<br />
<br />
===Refractometer===<br />
<br />
n<sub>α</sub> = 1.685 - 1.696, n<sub>β</sub> = 1.693 -1.702 and n<sub>γ</sub> = 1.700 -1.707 with a birefringence of 0.008 - 0.013.<br /><br />
The optic nature is biaxial +.<br />
<br />
Other stones falling in this range are:<br />
* [[Diopside]] (higher birefringence)<br />
* [[Sinhalite]] (higher birefringence)<br />
* [[Idocrase]] (higher refractive index and lower birefringence)<br />
<br />
===Specific gravity===<br />
<br />
3.25 - 3.60 (mean 3.35).<br /><br />
Tanzanite will sink slowly in methylene iodide (sg = 3.33).<br />
<br />
===Spectroscope===<br />
[[Image:tanzanite_spectrum.gif|framed|left| Spectrum of blue, transparent tanzanite.]]<br clear="left" /><br />
Untreated tanzanite will show weak bands in the yellow-orange, red, green and blue. Heat treated tanzanite may show even weaker bands or non atall (especially in lighter colors).<br />
<br />
===Pleochroism===<br />
<br />
Natural tanzanite does occur and it exhibits strong trichroism. The typical colors are violet to purplish red, blue and green (the green portion may also be yellow).<br /><br />
Most tanzanite on the market is heated brownish zoisite and shows two distinct colors under the dichroscope: violet to purplish red and blue. There will be two shades of blue, so the stone is still considered as trichroic, but the yellow or green is not observed in these heated stones. For that reason it is often referred to as being dichroic.<br />
<br />
==Durability==<br />
<br />
Tanzanite is relative soft on the Moh's scale (6½) so care should be taken not to scratch it. Due to its perfect prismatic cleavage it can easily break when hit with a hard and/or sharp object.<br />
<br />
==Phenomena==<br />
Cat's eye stones are known to exist<br /><br />
[[Image:CETanzy.jpg|left|thumb|240px|Cat's Eye Tanzanite<br />Photo courtesty of The Gem Trader]]<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
==Treatments==<br />
<br />
Usually heat treated to remove the yellow-green to brown components. Heating is usually conducted at temperatures between 400 and 600 degrees centigrade. As Tanzanite's color largely depends on the ratio of Vanadium and Titanium within its crystal structure, any changes to this delicate balance has a marked effect on its color. Heating results in a valence exchange reaction or redox reaction which causes an increase in the violet and blue colors and renders the Titanium colorless. The image below shows Tanzanite crystals before and after heating.<br />
<br />
[[File:Tanzanite-Heating.png]]<br />
<br />
== Rough Tanzanite pictures ==<br />
<br />
[[File:Rought-tanzanite-burgundy.jpg|thumb|240px|Rough Tanzanite]]<br />
<br />
==Synthetics==<br />
<br />
None known (although there are rumors of a synthetic tanzanite being created in Russia).<br />
<br />
==Imitations==<br />
<br />
Most stones that are used to simulate tanzanite can easily be seperated by optical properties and/or the use of a [[Color_Filters#Tanzanite_Filter|Hanneman Tanzanite Filter]].<br />
<br />
<br />
{|{{table}} style="margin:auto;" width="80%"<br />
! Imitation<br />
! Key seperation<br />
|-<br />
|[[Synthetic forsterite]] <br />
|Double refraction, Tanzanite filter, fluorescence<br />
|-<br />
|U.M.Tanzanic (lead [[glass]]) <br />
|Polariscope, RI ~ 1.6<br />
|-<br />
|Coranite&trade; (synthetic [[sapphire]])<br />
|Refractive index, optic figure using polariscope with coniscope<br />
|-<br />
|Tanavyte&trade; ([[YAG]])<br />
|Polariscope, RI ~ 1.8<br />
|-<br />
|Tanzation (synthetic [[spinel]]/cobalt glass triplets)<br />
|Polariscope, RI = 1.726<br />
|-<br />
|[[Cubic zirconia]]<br />
|Polariscope, RI = 2.1-2.2, SG = 5.6-5.9 <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
<br />
* ''Gem Identification Made Easy, Third Edition'' (2003) - Antoinette L . Matlins, Antonio C. Bonanno ISBN 0943763347<br />
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000WDQF18?ie=UTF8&tag=gemsandwhywelove&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=B000WDQF18 Gemmology 3rd edition (2005) - Peter Read ]<br />
<br />
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0750658568?ie=UTF8&tag=gemsandwhywelove&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=0750658568 Gems Their Sources, Descriptions and Identification'' 4th Edition (1990) - Robert Webster (6th ed.)]<br />
* ''A Students' Guide to Spectroscopy'' (2003) - Colin Winter FGA, DGA ISBN 0954485300<br />
* ''Gem Reference Guide'' (1995) - GIA ISBN 0873110196<br /><br />
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0972822380?ie=UTF8&tag=gemsandwhywelove&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=0972822380 Secrets of the Gem Trade, by Richard W. Wise]<br />
* [http://www.gia.edu/newsroom/issue/2798/2231/insider_newsletter_details.cfm#3 Insider Gemologist: What Are the Identifying Characteristics of Tanzanite, and How Is It Distinguished from Imitations?] (2004) - GIA<br />
* [http://www.lapigems.com/blog/post/2013/01/17/Tanzanite-Heating-The-Facts.aspx The Science Behind Tanzanite Heating] (2013) - Antony Zagoritis, GG</div>Jeanhttp://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=Tanzanite&diff=13977Tanzanite2017-09-06T07:03:21Z<p>Jean: /* Rough Tanzanite pictures */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Tanzanite}}<br />
[[Image:Tanzy.jpg|left|framed|Faceted D Block Tanzanite<br />Photo courtesty of Lembeck Gems]]<br clear="left" /><br />
Tanzanite, a variety of [[zoisite]], was discovered in the Merelani district of Tanzania near Mount Kilimanjaro in 1967. So far, all tanzanite discovery has been limited to a six kilometer strip in this area, which was divided into four blocks, labeled A, B, C and D. Block C is the only site still commercially producing rough tanzanite at this time.<br />
<br />
Almost all purple and blue varieties of the stone are the result of heat treatment. The stone is a yellowish-brown "bug juice" color when it is mined, but when heated to between 426.7-482.2 degrees Celsius, it becomes that gorgeous violet blue that is used in jewelry. The stone has never been found in another locality, so it is indeed a depleting resource. It is somewhat soft (6-7 on Mohs scale of hardness) and has a direction of cleavage along which it can be easily broken. It is desirable because of its elegant, opulent color.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostics==<br />
<br />
Tanzanite can be confused with [[sapphire]]. Interference figure, refractive index and specific gravity can easily seperate tanzanite from sapphire.<br />
<br />
===Color===<br />
<br />
Violet blue to blue to bluish purple. The color is due to vanadium.<br /><br />
Someone once described the color of tanzanite as "Tanzanite looks like sapphire wishes it could look" [Wise, 2003].<br />
<br />
===Diaphaneity===<br />
<br />
Transparent.<br />
<br />
===Magnification===<br />
<br />
Tanzanite is a type I stone on the GIA clarity scale and is usually not included.<br />
<br />
===Refractometer===<br />
<br />
n<sub>α</sub> = 1.685 - 1.696, n<sub>β</sub> = 1.693 -1.702 and n<sub>γ</sub> = 1.700 -1.707 with a birefringence of 0.008 - 0.013.<br /><br />
The optic nature is biaxial +.<br />
<br />
Other stones falling in this range are:<br />
* [[Diopside]] (higher birefringence)<br />
* [[Sinhalite]] (higher birefringence)<br />
* [[Idocrase]] (higher refractive index and lower birefringence)<br />
<br />
===Specific gravity===<br />
<br />
3.25 - 3.60 (mean 3.35).<br /><br />
Tanzanite will sink slowly in methylene iodide (sg = 3.33).<br />
<br />
===Spectroscope===<br />
[[Image:tanzanite_spectrum.gif|framed|left| Spectrum of blue, transparent tanzanite.]]<br clear="left" /><br />
Untreated tanzanite will show weak bands in the yellow-orange, red, green and blue. Heat treated tanzanite may show even weaker bands or non atall (especially in lighter colors).<br />
<br />
===Pleochroism===<br />
<br />
Natural tanzanite does occur and it exhibits strong trichroism. The typical colors are violet to purplish red, blue and green (the green portion may also be yellow).<br /><br />
Most tanzanite on the market is heated brownish zoisite and shows two distinct colors under the dichroscope: violet to purplish red and blue. There will be two shades of blue, so the stone is still considered as trichroic, but the yellow or green is not observed in these heated stones. For that reason it is often referred to as being dichroic.<br />
<br />
==Durability==<br />
<br />
Tanzanite is relative soft on the Moh's scale (6½) so care should be taken not to scratch it. Due to its perfect prismatic cleavage it can easily break when hit with a hard and/or sharp object.<br />
<br />
==Phenomena==<br />
Cat's eye stones are known to exist<br /><br />
[[Image:CETanzy.jpg|left|thumb|240px|Cat's Eye Tanzanite<br />Photo courtesty of The Gem Trader]]<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
==Treatments==<br />
<br />
Usually heat treated to remove the yellow-green to brown components. Heating is usually conducted at temperatures between 400 and 600 degrees centigrade. As Tanzanite's color largely depends on the ratio of Vanadium and Titanium within its crystal structure, any changes to this delicate balance has a marked effect on its color. Heating results in a valence exchange reaction or redox reaction which causes an increase in the violet and blue colors and renders the Titanium colorless. The image below shows Tanzanite crystals before and after heating.<br />
<br />
[[File:Tanzanite-Heating.png]]<br />
<br />
== Rough Tanzanite pictures ==<br />
<br />
[[File:Rought-tanzanite-burgundy.jpg|left|thumb|240px|Rough Tanzanite]]<br style="clear: all;"/><br />
<br />
==Synthetics==<br />
<br />
None known (although there are rumors of a synthetic tanzanite being created in Russia).<br />
<br />
==Imitations==<br />
<br />
Most stones that are used to simulate tanzanite can easily be seperated by optical properties and/or the use of a [[Color_Filters#Tanzanite_Filter|Hanneman Tanzanite Filter]].<br />
<br />
<br />
{|{{table}} style="margin:auto;" width="80%"<br />
! Imitation<br />
! Key seperation<br />
|-<br />
|[[Synthetic forsterite]] <br />
|Double refraction, Tanzanite filter, fluorescence<br />
|-<br />
|U.M.Tanzanic (lead [[glass]]) <br />
|Polariscope, RI ~ 1.6<br />
|-<br />
|Coranite&trade; (synthetic [[sapphire]])<br />
|Refractive index, optic figure using polariscope with coniscope<br />
|-<br />
|Tanavyte&trade; ([[YAG]])<br />
|Polariscope, RI ~ 1.8<br />
|-<br />
|Tanzation (synthetic [[spinel]]/cobalt glass triplets)<br />
|Polariscope, RI = 1.726<br />
|-<br />
|[[Cubic zirconia]]<br />
|Polariscope, RI = 2.1-2.2, SG = 5.6-5.9 <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
<br />
* ''Gem Identification Made Easy, Third Edition'' (2003) - Antoinette L . Matlins, Antonio C. Bonanno ISBN 0943763347<br />
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000WDQF18?ie=UTF8&tag=gemsandwhywelove&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=B000WDQF18 Gemmology 3rd edition (2005) - Peter Read ]<br />
<br />
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0750658568?ie=UTF8&tag=gemsandwhywelove&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=0750658568 Gems Their Sources, Descriptions and Identification'' 4th Edition (1990) - Robert Webster (6th ed.)]<br />
* ''A Students' Guide to Spectroscopy'' (2003) - Colin Winter FGA, DGA ISBN 0954485300<br />
* ''Gem Reference Guide'' (1995) - GIA ISBN 0873110196<br /><br />
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0972822380?ie=UTF8&tag=gemsandwhywelove&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=0972822380 Secrets of the Gem Trade, by Richard W. Wise]<br />
* [http://www.gia.edu/newsroom/issue/2798/2231/insider_newsletter_details.cfm#3 Insider Gemologist: What Are the Identifying Characteristics of Tanzanite, and How Is It Distinguished from Imitations?] (2004) - GIA<br />
* [http://www.lapigems.com/blog/post/2013/01/17/Tanzanite-Heating-The-Facts.aspx The Science Behind Tanzanite Heating] (2013) - Antony Zagoritis, GG</div>Jeanhttp://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=Tanzanite&diff=13976Tanzanite2017-09-06T07:02:53Z<p>Jean: /* Rough Tanzanite pictures */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Tanzanite}}<br />
[[Image:Tanzy.jpg|left|framed|Faceted D Block Tanzanite<br />Photo courtesty of Lembeck Gems]]<br clear="left" /><br />
Tanzanite, a variety of [[zoisite]], was discovered in the Merelani district of Tanzania near Mount Kilimanjaro in 1967. So far, all tanzanite discovery has been limited to a six kilometer strip in this area, which was divided into four blocks, labeled A, B, C and D. Block C is the only site still commercially producing rough tanzanite at this time.<br />
<br />
Almost all purple and blue varieties of the stone are the result of heat treatment. The stone is a yellowish-brown "bug juice" color when it is mined, but when heated to between 426.7-482.2 degrees Celsius, it becomes that gorgeous violet blue that is used in jewelry. The stone has never been found in another locality, so it is indeed a depleting resource. It is somewhat soft (6-7 on Mohs scale of hardness) and has a direction of cleavage along which it can be easily broken. It is desirable because of its elegant, opulent color.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostics==<br />
<br />
Tanzanite can be confused with [[sapphire]]. Interference figure, refractive index and specific gravity can easily seperate tanzanite from sapphire.<br />
<br />
===Color===<br />
<br />
Violet blue to blue to bluish purple. The color is due to vanadium.<br /><br />
Someone once described the color of tanzanite as "Tanzanite looks like sapphire wishes it could look" [Wise, 2003].<br />
<br />
===Diaphaneity===<br />
<br />
Transparent.<br />
<br />
===Magnification===<br />
<br />
Tanzanite is a type I stone on the GIA clarity scale and is usually not included.<br />
<br />
===Refractometer===<br />
<br />
n<sub>α</sub> = 1.685 - 1.696, n<sub>β</sub> = 1.693 -1.702 and n<sub>γ</sub> = 1.700 -1.707 with a birefringence of 0.008 - 0.013.<br /><br />
The optic nature is biaxial +.<br />
<br />
Other stones falling in this range are:<br />
* [[Diopside]] (higher birefringence)<br />
* [[Sinhalite]] (higher birefringence)<br />
* [[Idocrase]] (higher refractive index and lower birefringence)<br />
<br />
===Specific gravity===<br />
<br />
3.25 - 3.60 (mean 3.35).<br /><br />
Tanzanite will sink slowly in methylene iodide (sg = 3.33).<br />
<br />
===Spectroscope===<br />
[[Image:tanzanite_spectrum.gif|framed|left| Spectrum of blue, transparent tanzanite.]]<br clear="left" /><br />
Untreated tanzanite will show weak bands in the yellow-orange, red, green and blue. Heat treated tanzanite may show even weaker bands or non atall (especially in lighter colors).<br />
<br />
===Pleochroism===<br />
<br />
Natural tanzanite does occur and it exhibits strong trichroism. The typical colors are violet to purplish red, blue and green (the green portion may also be yellow).<br /><br />
Most tanzanite on the market is heated brownish zoisite and shows two distinct colors under the dichroscope: violet to purplish red and blue. There will be two shades of blue, so the stone is still considered as trichroic, but the yellow or green is not observed in these heated stones. For that reason it is often referred to as being dichroic.<br />
<br />
==Durability==<br />
<br />
Tanzanite is relative soft on the Moh's scale (6½) so care should be taken not to scratch it. Due to its perfect prismatic cleavage it can easily break when hit with a hard and/or sharp object.<br />
<br />
==Phenomena==<br />
Cat's eye stones are known to exist<br /><br />
[[Image:CETanzy.jpg|left|thumb|240px|Cat's Eye Tanzanite<br />Photo courtesty of The Gem Trader]]<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
==Treatments==<br />
<br />
Usually heat treated to remove the yellow-green to brown components. Heating is usually conducted at temperatures between 400 and 600 degrees centigrade. As Tanzanite's color largely depends on the ratio of Vanadium and Titanium within its crystal structure, any changes to this delicate balance has a marked effect on its color. Heating results in a valence exchange reaction or redox reaction which causes an increase in the violet and blue colors and renders the Titanium colorless. The image below shows Tanzanite crystals before and after heating.<br />
<br />
[[File:Tanzanite-Heating.png]]<br />
<br />
== Rough Tanzanite pictures ==<br />
<br />
[[File:Rought-tanzanite-burgundy.jpg|left|thumb|240px|Rough Tanzanite]]<br />
<br />
==Synthetics==<br />
<br />
None known (although there are rumors of a synthetic tanzanite being created in Russia).<br />
<br />
==Imitations==<br />
<br />
Most stones that are used to simulate tanzanite can easily be seperated by optical properties and/or the use of a [[Color_Filters#Tanzanite_Filter|Hanneman Tanzanite Filter]].<br />
<br />
<br />
{|{{table}} style="margin:auto;" width="80%"<br />
! Imitation<br />
! Key seperation<br />
|-<br />
|[[Synthetic forsterite]] <br />
|Double refraction, Tanzanite filter, fluorescence<br />
|-<br />
|U.M.Tanzanic (lead [[glass]]) <br />
|Polariscope, RI ~ 1.6<br />
|-<br />
|Coranite&trade; (synthetic [[sapphire]])<br />
|Refractive index, optic figure using polariscope with coniscope<br />
|-<br />
|Tanavyte&trade; ([[YAG]])<br />
|Polariscope, RI ~ 1.8<br />
|-<br />
|Tanzation (synthetic [[spinel]]/cobalt glass triplets)<br />
|Polariscope, RI = 1.726<br />
|-<br />
|[[Cubic zirconia]]<br />
|Polariscope, RI = 2.1-2.2, SG = 5.6-5.9 <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
<br />
* ''Gem Identification Made Easy, Third Edition'' (2003) - Antoinette L . Matlins, Antonio C. Bonanno ISBN 0943763347<br />
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000WDQF18?ie=UTF8&tag=gemsandwhywelove&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=B000WDQF18 Gemmology 3rd edition (2005) - Peter Read ]<br />
<br />
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0750658568?ie=UTF8&tag=gemsandwhywelove&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=0750658568 Gems Their Sources, Descriptions and Identification'' 4th Edition (1990) - Robert Webster (6th ed.)]<br />
* ''A Students' Guide to Spectroscopy'' (2003) - Colin Winter FGA, DGA ISBN 0954485300<br />
* ''Gem Reference Guide'' (1995) - GIA ISBN 0873110196<br /><br />
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0972822380?ie=UTF8&tag=gemsandwhywelove&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=0972822380 Secrets of the Gem Trade, by Richard W. Wise]<br />
* [http://www.gia.edu/newsroom/issue/2798/2231/insider_newsletter_details.cfm#3 Insider Gemologist: What Are the Identifying Characteristics of Tanzanite, and How Is It Distinguished from Imitations?] (2004) - GIA<br />
* [http://www.lapigems.com/blog/post/2013/01/17/Tanzanite-Heating-The-Facts.aspx The Science Behind Tanzanite Heating] (2013) - Antony Zagoritis, GG</div>Jeanhttp://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=Tanzanite&diff=13975Tanzanite2017-09-06T07:01:02Z<p>Jean: /* Rough Tanzanite pictures */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Tanzanite}}<br />
[[Image:Tanzy.jpg|left|framed|Faceted D Block Tanzanite<br />Photo courtesty of Lembeck Gems]]<br clear="left" /><br />
Tanzanite, a variety of [[zoisite]], was discovered in the Merelani district of Tanzania near Mount Kilimanjaro in 1967. So far, all tanzanite discovery has been limited to a six kilometer strip in this area, which was divided into four blocks, labeled A, B, C and D. Block C is the only site still commercially producing rough tanzanite at this time.<br />
<br />
Almost all purple and blue varieties of the stone are the result of heat treatment. The stone is a yellowish-brown "bug juice" color when it is mined, but when heated to between 426.7-482.2 degrees Celsius, it becomes that gorgeous violet blue that is used in jewelry. The stone has never been found in another locality, so it is indeed a depleting resource. It is somewhat soft (6-7 on Mohs scale of hardness) and has a direction of cleavage along which it can be easily broken. It is desirable because of its elegant, opulent color.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostics==<br />
<br />
Tanzanite can be confused with [[sapphire]]. Interference figure, refractive index and specific gravity can easily seperate tanzanite from sapphire.<br />
<br />
===Color===<br />
<br />
Violet blue to blue to bluish purple. The color is due to vanadium.<br /><br />
Someone once described the color of tanzanite as "Tanzanite looks like sapphire wishes it could look" [Wise, 2003].<br />
<br />
===Diaphaneity===<br />
<br />
Transparent.<br />
<br />
===Magnification===<br />
<br />
Tanzanite is a type I stone on the GIA clarity scale and is usually not included.<br />
<br />
===Refractometer===<br />
<br />
n<sub>α</sub> = 1.685 - 1.696, n<sub>β</sub> = 1.693 -1.702 and n<sub>γ</sub> = 1.700 -1.707 with a birefringence of 0.008 - 0.013.<br /><br />
The optic nature is biaxial +.<br />
<br />
Other stones falling in this range are:<br />
* [[Diopside]] (higher birefringence)<br />
* [[Sinhalite]] (higher birefringence)<br />
* [[Idocrase]] (higher refractive index and lower birefringence)<br />
<br />
===Specific gravity===<br />
<br />
3.25 - 3.60 (mean 3.35).<br /><br />
Tanzanite will sink slowly in methylene iodide (sg = 3.33).<br />
<br />
===Spectroscope===<br />
[[Image:tanzanite_spectrum.gif|framed|left| Spectrum of blue, transparent tanzanite.]]<br clear="left" /><br />
Untreated tanzanite will show weak bands in the yellow-orange, red, green and blue. Heat treated tanzanite may show even weaker bands or non atall (especially in lighter colors).<br />
<br />
===Pleochroism===<br />
<br />
Natural tanzanite does occur and it exhibits strong trichroism. The typical colors are violet to purplish red, blue and green (the green portion may also be yellow).<br /><br />
Most tanzanite on the market is heated brownish zoisite and shows two distinct colors under the dichroscope: violet to purplish red and blue. There will be two shades of blue, so the stone is still considered as trichroic, but the yellow or green is not observed in these heated stones. For that reason it is often referred to as being dichroic.<br />
<br />
==Durability==<br />
<br />
Tanzanite is relative soft on the Moh's scale (6½) so care should be taken not to scratch it. Due to its perfect prismatic cleavage it can easily break when hit with a hard and/or sharp object.<br />
<br />
==Phenomena==<br />
Cat's eye stones are known to exist<br /><br />
[[Image:CETanzy.jpg|left|thumb|240px|Cat's Eye Tanzanite<br />Photo courtesty of The Gem Trader]]<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
==Treatments==<br />
<br />
Usually heat treated to remove the yellow-green to brown components. Heating is usually conducted at temperatures between 400 and 600 degrees centigrade. As Tanzanite's color largely depends on the ratio of Vanadium and Titanium within its crystal structure, any changes to this delicate balance has a marked effect on its color. Heating results in a valence exchange reaction or redox reaction which causes an increase in the violet and blue colors and renders the Titanium colorless. The image below shows Tanzanite crystals before and after heating.<br />
<br />
[[File:Tanzanite-Heating.png]]<br />
<br />
== Rough Tanzanite pictures ==<br />
<br />
[[File:Rought-tanzanite-burgundy.jpg]]<br />
<br />
==Synthetics==<br />
<br />
None known (although there are rumors of a synthetic tanzanite being created in Russia).<br />
<br />
==Imitations==<br />
<br />
Most stones that are used to simulate tanzanite can easily be seperated by optical properties and/or the use of a [[Color_Filters#Tanzanite_Filter|Hanneman Tanzanite Filter]].<br />
<br />
<br />
{|{{table}} style="margin:auto;" width="80%"<br />
! Imitation<br />
! Key seperation<br />
|-<br />
|[[Synthetic forsterite]] <br />
|Double refraction, Tanzanite filter, fluorescence<br />
|-<br />
|U.M.Tanzanic (lead [[glass]]) <br />
|Polariscope, RI ~ 1.6<br />
|-<br />
|Coranite&trade; (synthetic [[sapphire]])<br />
|Refractive index, optic figure using polariscope with coniscope<br />
|-<br />
|Tanavyte&trade; ([[YAG]])<br />
|Polariscope, RI ~ 1.8<br />
|-<br />
|Tanzation (synthetic [[spinel]]/cobalt glass triplets)<br />
|Polariscope, RI = 1.726<br />
|-<br />
|[[Cubic zirconia]]<br />
|Polariscope, RI = 2.1-2.2, SG = 5.6-5.9 <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
<br />
* ''Gem Identification Made Easy, Third Edition'' (2003) - Antoinette L . Matlins, Antonio C. Bonanno ISBN 0943763347<br />
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000WDQF18?ie=UTF8&tag=gemsandwhywelove&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=B000WDQF18 Gemmology 3rd edition (2005) - Peter Read ]<br />
<br />
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0750658568?ie=UTF8&tag=gemsandwhywelove&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=0750658568 Gems Their Sources, Descriptions and Identification'' 4th Edition (1990) - Robert Webster (6th ed.)]<br />
* ''A Students' Guide to Spectroscopy'' (2003) - Colin Winter FGA, DGA ISBN 0954485300<br />
* ''Gem Reference Guide'' (1995) - GIA ISBN 0873110196<br /><br />
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0972822380?ie=UTF8&tag=gemsandwhywelove&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=0972822380 Secrets of the Gem Trade, by Richard W. Wise]<br />
* [http://www.gia.edu/newsroom/issue/2798/2231/insider_newsletter_details.cfm#3 Insider Gemologist: What Are the Identifying Characteristics of Tanzanite, and How Is It Distinguished from Imitations?] (2004) - GIA<br />
* [http://www.lapigems.com/blog/post/2013/01/17/Tanzanite-Heating-The-Facts.aspx The Science Behind Tanzanite Heating] (2013) - Antony Zagoritis, GG</div>Jeanhttp://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Rought-tanzanite-burgundy.jpg&diff=13974File:Rought-tanzanite-burgundy.jpg2017-09-06T06:59:46Z<p>Jean: Rought Tanzanite showing burgundy color, untreated, directly in Mirerani.</p>
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<div>Rought Tanzanite showing burgundy color, untreated, directly in Mirerani.</div>Jeanhttp://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=Tanzanite&diff=13973Tanzanite2017-09-06T06:55:31Z<p>Jean: Added picture IMG_20170821_112321056.jpg</p>
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<div>{{Tanzanite}}<br />
[[Image:Tanzy.jpg|left|framed|Faceted D Block Tanzanite<br />Photo courtesty of Lembeck Gems]]<br clear="left" /><br />
Tanzanite, a variety of [[zoisite]], was discovered in the Merelani district of Tanzania near Mount Kilimanjaro in 1967. So far, all tanzanite discovery has been limited to a six kilometer strip in this area, which was divided into four blocks, labeled A, B, C and D. Block C is the only site still commercially producing rough tanzanite at this time.<br />
<br />
Almost all purple and blue varieties of the stone are the result of heat treatment. The stone is a yellowish-brown "bug juice" color when it is mined, but when heated to between 426.7-482.2 degrees Celsius, it becomes that gorgeous violet blue that is used in jewelry. The stone has never been found in another locality, so it is indeed a depleting resource. It is somewhat soft (6-7 on Mohs scale of hardness) and has a direction of cleavage along which it can be easily broken. It is desirable because of its elegant, opulent color.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostics==<br />
<br />
Tanzanite can be confused with [[sapphire]]. Interference figure, refractive index and specific gravity can easily seperate tanzanite from sapphire.<br />
<br />
===Color===<br />
<br />
Violet blue to blue to bluish purple. The color is due to vanadium.<br /><br />
Someone once described the color of tanzanite as "Tanzanite looks like sapphire wishes it could look" [Wise, 2003].<br />
<br />
===Diaphaneity===<br />
<br />
Transparent.<br />
<br />
===Magnification===<br />
<br />
Tanzanite is a type I stone on the GIA clarity scale and is usually not included.<br />
<br />
===Refractometer===<br />
<br />
n<sub>α</sub> = 1.685 - 1.696, n<sub>β</sub> = 1.693 -1.702 and n<sub>γ</sub> = 1.700 -1.707 with a birefringence of 0.008 - 0.013.<br /><br />
The optic nature is biaxial +.<br />
<br />
Other stones falling in this range are:<br />
* [[Diopside]] (higher birefringence)<br />
* [[Sinhalite]] (higher birefringence)<br />
* [[Idocrase]] (higher refractive index and lower birefringence)<br />
<br />
===Specific gravity===<br />
<br />
3.25 - 3.60 (mean 3.35).<br /><br />
Tanzanite will sink slowly in methylene iodide (sg = 3.33).<br />
<br />
===Spectroscope===<br />
[[Image:tanzanite_spectrum.gif|framed|left| Spectrum of blue, transparent tanzanite.]]<br clear="left" /><br />
Untreated tanzanite will show weak bands in the yellow-orange, red, green and blue. Heat treated tanzanite may show even weaker bands or non atall (especially in lighter colors).<br />
<br />
===Pleochroism===<br />
<br />
Natural tanzanite does occur and it exhibits strong trichroism. The typical colors are violet to purplish red, blue and green (the green portion may also be yellow).<br /><br />
Most tanzanite on the market is heated brownish zoisite and shows two distinct colors under the dichroscope: violet to purplish red and blue. There will be two shades of blue, so the stone is still considered as trichroic, but the yellow or green is not observed in these heated stones. For that reason it is often referred to as being dichroic.<br />
<br />
==Durability==<br />
<br />
Tanzanite is relative soft on the Moh's scale (6½) so care should be taken not to scratch it. Due to its perfect prismatic cleavage it can easily break when hit with a hard and/or sharp object.<br />
<br />
==Phenomena==<br />
Cat's eye stones are known to exist<br /><br />
[[Image:CETanzy.jpg|left|thumb|240px|Cat's Eye Tanzanite<br />Photo courtesty of The Gem Trader]]<br clear="left" /><br />
<br />
==Treatments==<br />
<br />
Usually heat treated to remove the yellow-green to brown components. Heating is usually conducted at temperatures between 400 and 600 degrees centigrade. As Tanzanite's color largely depends on the ratio of Vanadium and Titanium within its crystal structure, any changes to this delicate balance has a marked effect on its color. Heating results in a valence exchange reaction or redox reaction which causes an increase in the violet and blue colors and renders the Titanium colorless. The image below shows Tanzanite crystals before and after heating.<br />
<br />
[[File:Tanzanite-Heating.png]]<br />
<br />
== Rough Tanzanite pictures ==<br />
<br />
[[File:IMG_20170821_112321056.jpg]]<br />
<br />
==Synthetics==<br />
<br />
None known (although there are rumors of a synthetic tanzanite being created in Russia).<br />
<br />
==Imitations==<br />
<br />
Most stones that are used to simulate tanzanite can easily be seperated by optical properties and/or the use of a [[Color_Filters#Tanzanite_Filter|Hanneman Tanzanite Filter]].<br />
<br />
<br />
{|{{table}} style="margin:auto;" width="80%"<br />
! Imitation<br />
! Key seperation<br />
|-<br />
|[[Synthetic forsterite]] <br />
|Double refraction, Tanzanite filter, fluorescence<br />
|-<br />
|U.M.Tanzanic (lead [[glass]]) <br />
|Polariscope, RI ~ 1.6<br />
|-<br />
|Coranite&trade; (synthetic [[sapphire]])<br />
|Refractive index, optic figure using polariscope with coniscope<br />
|-<br />
|Tanavyte&trade; ([[YAG]])<br />
|Polariscope, RI ~ 1.8<br />
|-<br />
|Tanzation (synthetic [[spinel]]/cobalt glass triplets)<br />
|Polariscope, RI = 1.726<br />
|-<br />
|[[Cubic zirconia]]<br />
|Polariscope, RI = 2.1-2.2, SG = 5.6-5.9 <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
<br />
* ''Gem Identification Made Easy, Third Edition'' (2003) - Antoinette L . Matlins, Antonio C. Bonanno ISBN 0943763347<br />
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000WDQF18?ie=UTF8&tag=gemsandwhywelove&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=B000WDQF18 Gemmology 3rd edition (2005) - Peter Read ]<br />
<br />
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0750658568?ie=UTF8&tag=gemsandwhywelove&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=0750658568 Gems Their Sources, Descriptions and Identification'' 4th Edition (1990) - Robert Webster (6th ed.)]<br />
* ''A Students' Guide to Spectroscopy'' (2003) - Colin Winter FGA, DGA ISBN 0954485300<br />
* ''Gem Reference Guide'' (1995) - GIA ISBN 0873110196<br /><br />
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0972822380?ie=UTF8&tag=gemsandwhywelove&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=0972822380 Secrets of the Gem Trade, by Richard W. Wise]<br />
* [http://www.gia.edu/newsroom/issue/2798/2231/insider_newsletter_details.cfm#3 Insider Gemologist: What Are the Identifying Characteristics of Tanzanite, and How Is It Distinguished from Imitations?] (2004) - GIA<br />
* [http://www.lapigems.com/blog/post/2013/01/17/Tanzanite-Heating-The-Facts.aspx The Science Behind Tanzanite Heating] (2013) - Antony Zagoritis, GG</div>Jeanhttp://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=The_Gemology_Project:General_disclaimer&diff=13972The Gemology Project:General disclaimer2017-09-06T06:30:25Z<p>Jean: /* Copyright */ limitations removed as they are contradictory to the license</p>
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other term.</div>Jeanhttp://www.gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=User_talk:Jean&diff=13971User talk:Jean2017-09-06T06:25:28Z<p>Jean: Reference to license and limitations not imposed by license which are contradictory</p>
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<div>The license referenced does not prohibit users to take over more than 10 images or pages, and such restriction is nonsense for one reason, that when you are referencing the license, and somebody replicates for example single page, under the same license, then your information about restriction is not replicated as it is not part of the license, and a person that is 1-2 steps further from the source may theoretically find more than 10 pages and use them without knowing your original restriction.<br />
<br />
I suggest that you lift the restriction, or otherwise change the license, which may become difficult at this point of time.<br />
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Maybe you should read the license first.<br />
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